污水生物处理中的噬菌体及其功能研究进展  

Bacteriophages and their role in biological wastewater treatment:a review

作　　者：刘启新 肖本益[2,4] 肖淑敏 潘艺蓉 韩超[1,2] 张克 LIU Qixin;XIAO Benyi;XIAO Shumin;PAN Yirong;HAN Chao;ZHANG Ke(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology,Tianjin 300384,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院,天津300384 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室,天津300384 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2021年第9期3341-3352,共12页Microbiology China

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工作项目(2019JZZY020301);水体污染控制与治理国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07106003-002)。

摘　　要：污水生物处理是一种利用微生物分解污水中的污染物、实现污水净化的方法。噬菌体是侵染细菌的病毒,在污水生物处理系统中广泛存在,它们能够特异性地控制微生物菌群,影响污水处理效果和调控污泥性状。因此,研究污水生物处理中噬菌体的分布及其功能具有重要意义。本文介绍了不同污水生物处理中噬菌体的分布,简要分析了噬菌体分离、培养与鉴定方法及其优缺点,详细总结了噬菌体在污水生物处理中的功能,包括:(1)调节微生物群落结构,影响污水处理效果;(2)作为环境监测的指示生物;(3)控制病原菌、污泥膨胀、污泥发泡和膜污染;(4)减少污泥产量,重点分析了影响噬菌体功能的因素,探讨了污水生物处理中噬菌体功能应用存在的问题及其解决方法,最后对噬菌体未来应用的发展方向进行了展望,以期为污水生物处理技术和工艺的开发与应用提供参考,促进污水处理健康发展。Biological wastewater treatment is a process conventionally used to achieve wastewater purification and resource recovery through the degradation of pollutants by microbial flora.Bacteriophages,which are known to infect bacteria,are widely distributed viruses found in biological wastewater treatment systems.They can specifically control the microbial flora in wastewater,thereby regulating sludge characteristics and affecting wastewater treatment performance.Therefore,it is vital to study the distribution of bacteriophages and explore the significance of their activity in biological wastewater treatment systems.This review summarized the distribution of bacteriophages in different biological wastewater treatment processes and preliminarily analyzed methods of isolation,cultivation,and identification of bacteriophages,along with the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.This review also explored the following functions of bacteriophages:(1)regulating microbial community structure and affecting wastewater treatment,(2)being used as an indicator organism for environmental monitoring,(3)controlling pathogenic bacteria,sludge bulking,sludge foaming,and membrane fouling,and(4)reducing sludge production.Additionally,this review expounded the associated influencing factors,including temperature,pH,multiplicity of infection,and charged particles.Furthermore,this review discussed potential problems that may be encountered during the practical biological wastewater treatment process,along with corresponding solutions.Finally,this review proposed the prospective development of the use of bacteriophages in the biological wastewater treatment process and aimed to provide a reference for the development and application of biological wastewater treatment systems,in order to promote the healthy development of wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：噬菌体 污水生物处理 功能 影响因素 应用 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]