当代中国政党领导体制的形成与发展  

The Formation and Development of Contemporary China’s Party-Led Leadership System

作　　者：彭斌[1] 周光辉[1,2] Peng Bin;Zhou Guanghui

机构地区：[1]吉林大学行政学院暨社会公正与政府治理研究中心,吉林省长春市130012 [2]北京大学国家治理研究院,北京市100871

出　　处：《政治学研究》2021年第4期75-87,M0005,共14页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“政治话语视域下当代中国国家认同建构机制研究”(19AZZ006);国家社会科学基金重大项目“百年来中国政治学史研究”(19ZDA133)的研究成果。

摘　　要：中国的领导体制是中国国家治理体系的中枢,也是决定国家治理能力尤其是领导力的核心要素。当代中国政党领导体制是在长期革命的历史中形成的,它从根本上解决了近代中国面临的生存危机和权威危机,实现了政治权威的创造性重建。中国政党领导体制以新型政党制度作为制度基础,由中国共产党掌握国家领导权,在领导原则上坚持以人民为中心,在领导结构上确立了党、政、军、群、法之间的结构体系,在领导权运行机制上采用民主集中制,在领导方法上实行群众路线。改革开放以后,尤其是党的十八大以来,中国政党领导体制改革的重点是坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导,推进领导科学化、民主化和法治化。中国政党领导体制不是所谓的威权体制,那些将其界定为威权体制的观点都未能准确地、科学地描述和分析中国的领导体制。通过政党领导体制,中国实现了从近代“中国之乱”到当代“中国之治”的转变,维护了国家主权、安全和发展利益,促进了人权事业的发展,形成了中国式的现代化新道路。China’s leadership system is the pivot of its system for governance and at the core of its state governance and leadership.Contemporary China’s leadership system,which was formed over the course of Chinese revolutions,had completely overcome crises of survival and authority which were faced by modern China and creatively rebuilt political authority.China’s party-led leadership system is institutionalized based one new model of political party relations and characterized by the CPC's power to lead the country.To exercise its leadership under the system,the CPC follows people-centered principle and relies on structural relations among the Party,the government,the armed forces,the general public,and the law,and it also adopts democratic centralism as a mechanism for leading and uses the mass line as its leadership methods.Since the Reform and Opening-up in 1978 and especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012,the reform of China’s leadership system has been focused on not only ensuring the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized,unified leadership but also strengthening the role of science,democracy,and rule of the law in exercising leadership.China’s party-led leadership system is not a so-called authoritarian system.Those views that define it as authoritarian fail to formulate an accurate,fact-based description and analysis of China's leadership system.Under the party-led leadership system,China has transformed itself from a failing state to a moderately prosperous society,safeguarded its sovereignty,security,and development interests,strengthened the protection for human rights,and formed a new modernization path with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：政党领导体制 国家领导权 政治权威 中国之治 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]