清代中亚回商贸易与多边关系演变  

Muslim Merchants of Central Asia and Evolution of the Multilateral Relations in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张科[1] 赵珍[2] Zhang Ke;Zhao Zhen

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学民族学与社会学学院,西宁810007 [2]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2021年第5期56-65,共10页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清朝西北边疆经略史”(批准号:20&ZD230)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：中亚回商是以地缘与族群相结合的商人群体的标签,泛指18世纪以来活跃于中亚商路上专门从事大宗商品转运的贸易者。在清中叶以前的中亚商贸经济中,随着清朝宗藩关系为主的地缘双边及商路网络的多边关系走势演变,尤其是与俄罗斯关系的不断变化,清朝从国家利益层面入手,对回商群体所从事的大黄、茶叶等大宗商品贸易采取相应策略,从原本的倡导维护及税收优惠的怀柔为主转至严禁私贩和对违禁商品的管控与稽查,且将设卡查验的缉私从陆路延伸至海路,一定程度上遏制了私贩违禁势头,亦在客观上维护了中亚商贸经济,保障了商路畅通。Muslim merchants in Central Asia(Huishang)had been mainly specialized in bulk commodities transshipment in the trade routes of Central Asia since the 18 th century.They were a group of businessmen who combined geography and ethnic characteristics.Before the middle of the Qing Dynasty,with the evolution of geographical bilateral relations which based on the suzerain-vassal relationship,and the multilateral relations of the trade route network evolution,especially the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and Russia,the Qing Dynasty took measures to manage rhubarb and tea sold by Muslim merchants for safeguarding national interests.The changes of policy had three points:from tax preference to the prohibition of smuggling,strengthening management of contraband,and extending the geographical scope of the prohibition of smuggling,which protected the legalized trade in Central Asia.

关 键 词：清代 中亚回商 走私贸易 多边关系 

分 类 号：F752.9[经济管理—国际贸易] K249[经济管理—产业经济]