肥大细胞参与皮肤瘙痒的机制  

Progress on mechanism of mast cells involved in cutaneous pruritus

作　　者：赵嘉惠[1] 杨孜冉 赵作涛[1] 刘玲玲[1] ZHAO Jia-hui;YANG Zi-ran;ZHAO Zuo-tao;LIU Ling-ling(Department of Dermatology,Peking University First Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics,Beijing,100034,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院皮肤性病科,国家皮肤与免疫疾病临床医学研究中心,皮肤病分子诊断北京市重点实验室,国家药品监督管理局化妆品质量控制与评价重点实验室,北京100034

出　　处：《中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志》2021年第4期454-459,共6页Chinese Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(81903213)。

摘　　要：肥大细胞长期定居在皮肤及黏膜中,是荨麻疹、食物过敏、哮喘、过敏性休克等变态反应疾病的主要效应细胞。肥大细胞参与的皮肤疾病大多表现为显著瘙痒。特异性IgE介导肥大细胞活化释放组胺进而引起神经敏化是瘙痒信号传递的经典神经免疫途径。近年来研究表明,除组胺外,肥大细胞释放其他炎症介质活化外周神经介导瘙痒信号传递也尤为重要。本文回顾肥大细胞在瘙痒发生中的生物学功能,以及神经免疫机制在常见瘙痒性皮肤疾病中的作用。同时综述靶向药物在瘙痒治疗中的进展。Mast cells have been recognized as major effective cells in pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as urticaria,food allergy,asthma and anaphylaxis,which are of long-term location in skin and mucous membrane.Most cutaneous diseases in which mast cells involved were suffering from severe pruritus.The activation of mast cells induced by specific immunoglobulin E antibodies,which resulted in histamine release and nerve sensitization is the classic neuro-immune pathway of pruritus signal transmission.In addition to histamine,results of recent studies have shown that the release of non-histaminergic inflammatory mediators from mast cells is especially important in activation of peripheral nerves and mediation of pruritus signal transmission.The biological functions of mast cells in pathogenesis of pruritus,role of neuro-immune mechanism in common pruritic dermatosis and novel targeted therapeutic strategies for treatment of pruritus were reviewed in this article.

关 键 词：肥大细胞 变态反应 神经敏化 瘙痒 信号传递 

分 类 号：R75[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]