2019年浙江省学校诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发疫情分析  

Analysis on norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in schools in Zhejiang,2019

作　　者：鲁琴宝[1] 丁哲渊[1] 吴昊澄[1] 吴晨[1] 林君芬[1] Lu Qinbao;Ding Zheyuan;Wu Haocheng;Wu Chen;Lin Junfen(Department of Public Health Surveillance and Advisory,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051,Zhajiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测与业务指导所,浙江杭州310051

出　　处：《疾病监测》2021年第8期806-810,共5页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重大科技专项(No.2021C03038)。

摘　　要：目的了解浙江省学校诺如病毒感染暴发疫情的流行特征,提出当前防控特点。方法收集2019年1月1日至12月31日浙江省学校发生的诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法。结果2019年报告173起学校诺如疫情,涉及170所学校,累计3172例病例,波及161711人,总罹患率为1.96%。诺如病毒疫情主要发生在小学(53.18%)和托幼机构(27.16%),病例的年龄集中在7~12岁(47.95%)。疫情在春季和秋冬季均有发生,传播途径主要为人传人(94.80%),食源性传播和水源性传播引起的疫情较少。临床症状以腹泻、呕吐为主,基因型以GⅡ型为主(121起,69.94%)。结论浙江省学校诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发疫情主要发生在小学和幼儿园,传播途径多为人传人,学校应重视病例的排泄物/呕吐物及环境消毒处理。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in schools in Zhejiang province in 2019,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus gastroenteritis.Methods The data of noroviruses gastroenteritis outbreaks in schools in Zhejiang from January 1 to December 31,2019 were collected.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreaks.Results In 2019,a total of 173 noroviruses gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred in 170 schools in Zhejiang,causing 3172 cases and affecting 161711 persons,with an attack rate of 1.96%(3172/161711).Most outbreaks occurred in primary schools(53.18%)and child care settings(27.16%).The cases mainly occurred in children aged 7–12 years(47.95%).The outbreaks occurred in spring,autumn and winter.The majority of outbreaks(94.80%)were due to person-to-person transmission with less food-borne and water-borne transmissions.The clinical symptoms mainly included diarrhea and vomiting,and 121 outbreaks(69.94%)were caused by norovirus GⅡ.Conclusion Noroviruses gastroenteritis outbreaks mainly occurred in primary schools and child care settings in Zhejiang,and the predominant transmission route was person-to-person transmission.Schools should pay more attention to the standardized disposal of excrement/vomitus of the cases and environmental disinfection.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 暴发 学校 流行特征 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学] R181.81[医药卫生—基础医学]