广州管圆线虫感染对不同宿主免疫系统的影响  

Effect of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Infection on the Immune System in Different Hosts

作　　者：刘珍 刘嘉华 马芷璇 周宗朴 吴忠道[3] 冯英 LIU Zhen;LIU Jia-hua;MA Zhi-xuan;ZHOU Zong-pu;WU Zhong-dao;FENG Ying(Department of Blood Transfusion,Guangzhou First People’s Hospital//the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510180,China;School of Medicine,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Department of Parasitology,Zhongshan School of Medicine,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市第一人民医院//华南理工大学附属第二医院输血科,广东广州510180 [2]华南理工大学医学院,广东广州510006 [3]中山大学中山医学院寄生虫教研室,广东广州510080

出　　处：《中山大学学报（医学科学版）》2021年第5期714-720,共7页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(A2018362);华南理工大学中央高校基本科研项目(H1906);广州市科技计划项目(202102020027,202105080053)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨宿主免疫系统在广州管圆线虫感染所致脑炎发病机制中的作用。【方法】大鼠是广州管圆线虫适宜宿主,小鼠是其非适宜宿主。采用广州管圆线虫感染SD大鼠和BALB/c小鼠模型,观察感染21 d后宿主中枢免疫器官胸腺以及外周免疫器官脾脏的差异变化,并通过流式细胞技术检测感染后大、小鼠胸腺和脾脏中细胞亚型的变化。【结果】广州管圆线虫感染21 d后,大鼠胸腺和脾脏外观没有明显改变;正常组和感染组胸腺细胞总数以及胸腺细胞中各细胞亚型(CD4^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)T细胞、CD4^(+)CD8^(+)T细胞和CD4^(-)CD8^(-)T细胞)比例与数量的变化差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而感染后大鼠脾脏中CD4^(+)T细胞比例和数量均增加(P=0.016;P=0.023),CD8^(+)T细胞比例和数量变化均不明显(P>0.05)。广州管圆线虫感染21 d后,小鼠胸腺和脾脏均严重萎缩,胸腺细胞总数急剧减少(P<0.0001);胸腺细胞各亚型中CD4^(+)CD8^(+)T细胞比例和数量减少最为明显(P<0.0001;P<0.0001);感染导致小鼠脾脏单个核细胞总数降低(P<0.0001),脾脏淋巴细胞亚型CD4^(+)T细胞和CD8^(+)T细胞总数均减少(P<0.0001;P=0.0038)。【结论】广州管圆线虫感染对非适宜宿主小鼠的免疫系统产生严重免疫抑制,而大鼠的免疫系统影响较小,虫体感染引起宿主的免疫抑制,进而引起宿主清除和抵抗寄生虫能力降低,这可能是寄生虫产生免疫逃逸的重要机制。本研究揭示机体免疫系统牵涉到广州管圆线虫感染所致脑炎发病机制中的重要作用,此为广州管圆线虫感染所致脑炎的防治提供了新思路。【Objective】To investigate the role of host immune system in the pathogenesis of encephalitis induced by Angiostrongylus cantonesis(A.C.)infection.【Methods】The definitive hosts of A.C.are rats and the intermediate hosts are mice.SD rats and BALB/c mice infected with A.C.were used to observe the changes of central immune organ thymus and peripheral immune organ spleen after 21 days of infection.Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of cell subtypes in the thymus and spleen of rats and mice.【Results】After 21 days of infection with A.C.in rats,there was no obvious change in the appearance of spleen and thymus gland,and no obvious change in the thymus cell total count and in the pro portion and number of thymocyte subtype cell(CD4^(+)T,CD8^(+)T,CD4^(+)CD8^(+)T and CD4^(-)CD8^(-)T cells)between control groups and infected groups were found(P>0.05);The proportion and number of CD4^(+)T cells in spleen was increased(P=0.016;P=0.023),while the change of CD8^(+)T cells was not obvious(P>0.05).After 21 days of infection,the spleen and thymus of mice were severely atrophied,the total number of thymus cell was decreased sharply(P<0.0001);The proportion and number of CD4^(+)CD8^(+)T cells were decreased obviously(P<0.0001;P<0.0001);Infection resulted in a decrease in the total number of mononuclear cells in the spleen of mice(P<0.0001);The number of CD4^(+)T cells and CD8^(+)T cells in spleen was increased(P<0.0001;P=0.0038).【Conclusions】A.C.infection severely suppressed the immune system of mice,but had little effect on rats.A.C.infection induced immunosuppression in the host,in turn reduced the ability of the host to clear and resist parasites,which may be an important mechanism of immune escape of parasites.This study revealed that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of encephalitis caused by A.C.infection,which provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of encephalitis caused by A.C.infection.

关 键 词：广州管圆线虫 大鼠 小鼠 脾脏 胸腺 

分 类 号：R383[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]