基于咸水处理和精准灌溉相结合的优势分析  

The Combination of Salt Water Treatment and Precision Irrigation: Advantage Analysis

作　　者：任玉洁 李俊林 王向誉[1] 周新国[2] 郭洪恩[1] Ren Yujie;Li Junlin;Wang Xiangyu;Zhou Xinguo;Guo Hong’en(Shandong Institute of Sericulture,Yantai Shandong 264001;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang Henan 453002)

机构地区：[1]山东省蚕业研究所,山东烟台264001 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第25期92-96,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：渤海粮仓项目“重度盐碱地高效设施农业模式创新和增效技术集成示范”(2019BHLC005);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项“排水工程对盐碱地控盐量和土壤碳排量的影响”(FIRI2019-02-0101);中央引导地方科技发展专项“耐盐植物无损快速检测技术研发平台条件建设”(YDZX20193700001483)。

摘　　要：咸水淡化技术是开发利用海洋资源最合理的方式。文章从咸水直接灌溉带来的土壤盐渍化危害入手,概述了咸水处理与精准灌溉的意义,介绍了微咸水淡化流程和精准灌溉流程,提出了微咸水处理及精准灌溉的结合方式,展望了咸水淡化和节水灌溉的发展趋势,并分析了制约咸水淡化技术发展的能源和工艺2个因素。本研究得出,节水灌溉技术未来将集远程灌溉管理和综合调控分析于一体,真正实现智能化灌溉管理。将太阳能技术与纳滤技术相结合会创造广阔的市场前景,纳米颗粒膜和光热转化碳纤维等材料将是海水淡化研究的热点。因此,咸水淡化技术与精准灌溉相结合,其资源利用效率将大幅提高,土壤环境亦会得到极大改善,与未来生态科技的发展趋势将更加契合。Salt water desalination technology is the most reasonable way to develop and utilize marine resources. This article describes the harm of soil salinization caused by direct irrigation with saline water. It outlines the significance of salt water treatment and precision irrigation, and introduces the brackish water desalination process and precision irrigation process. Meanwhile, this paper proposes a combination of brackish water treatment and precision irrigation and discusses the development trend of salt water desalination and precision irrigation. The study analyzes the two major factors of energy and technology that restrict the development of salt water desalination technology, and concludes that water-saving irrigation technology will integrate remote irrigation management and comprehensive control analysis in the future, which can truly achieve intelligent irrigation management. The combination of solar technology and nanofiltration technology will have broad market prospects, and materials such as nanoparticle membranes and photothermal conversion carbon fibers will be the hot spots of seawater desalination research. Therefore, the combination of salt water desalination technology and precision irrigation will greatly improve the resource utilization efficiency and the soil environment, which will be more in line with the future development trend of ecological technology.

关 键 词：水资源 海水农业 咸水淡化 精准灌溉 土壤盐渍化 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]