幼畜超数排卵及卵母细胞体外成熟的研究进展  

Advances in Superovulation and Oocyte Maturation in Vitro of Juvenile Animals

作　　者：郭晓飞 丰雨琪 张金龙[1] 李义海[1] 董春晓 张效生[1] GUO Xiaofei;FANG Yuqi;ZHANG Jinlong;LI Yihai;DONG Chunxiao;ZHANG Xiaosheng(Tianjin Livestock and Poultry Health Breeding Engineering Center,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Tianjing Academy of Agricultural Science,Tianjin 300381,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,天津市畜禽健康养殖工程中心,天津300381

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2021年第9期82-88,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31902150);天津市科技计划项目(17ZXZYNC00040;16ZXZYNC00050;18ZXBFNC00320;19ZXZYSN0030);天津市农业科学院青年科研人员创新研究与实验项目(201902;201915)。

摘　　要：利用幼畜进行超数排卵,产生数量远高于成年母畜生产的窦状卵泡,结合活体取卵、卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精等技术,大量生产体外胚胎,并移植至成年代孕母畜子宫内,迅速获得众多后代个体的系统工程,被称为幼畜体外胚胎移植技术(Juvenile in Vitro Embryo Transfer,JIVET)。该技术能最大程度地缩短世代间隔,加速遗传选育进度,可为胚胎干细胞、动物克隆和转基因动物制备等研究提供丰富的胚胎试验材料。JIVET技术成败的关键在于幼畜的超数排卵和体外成熟环节。该文综述了幼畜超数排卵的生理基础、幼畜的超数排卵效果;同时从卵泡液微环境、卵丘细胞状态、卵母细胞的细胞质和细胞核成熟以及体外成熟的优化方案等方面介绍了幼畜卵母细胞体外成熟的研究进展。The Juvenile in Vitro Embryo Transfer(JIVET)technology is a systematic project in which large numbers of in vitro embryo are produced and transferred into adult female uterus based on juvenile female animals superovulation,oocyte pick-up,matured and fertilized in vitro.This technology can shorten the generation interval and accelerate the progress of genetic selection.It can also provide a wealth of embryo materials for research on embryonic stem cells,animal cloning and genetically modification.The key to the success of JIVET technology lies in the process of superovulation and in vitro maturation of juvenile oocytes.The paper reviewed the physiological basis of superovulation in juvenile animals,and the effects of the superovulation;at the same time,the research progress of juvenile oocyte maturation in vitro,the aspects of follicular fluid microenvironment,cumulus cell status,oocyte cytoplasm and nucleus maturation,and improvement programs of oocytes mature in vitro were also introduced.

关 键 词：幼畜 超数排卵 卵母细胞 体外成熟 

分 类 号：S814.8[农业科学—畜牧学]