典型畜禽粪便厌氧发酵产甲烷潜力试验与计算  

Experiment and calculation on the biochemical methane potential of typical livestock and poultry manure in anaerobic digestion

作　　者：徐文倩[1] 董红敏[1] 尚斌[1] 陈永杏[1] 陶秀萍 Xu Wenqian;Dong Hongmin;Shang Bin;Chen Yongxing;Tao Xiuping(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation&Waste Management of Agricultural Structures,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Urban Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610213,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院都市农业研究所,成都610213

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第14期228-234,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展“973”计划课题(2012CB417104);北京市奶牛产业创新团队(BAIC06-2021)。

摘　　要：为获得符合中国现阶段畜牧业生产实际的畜禽粪便产甲烷潜力(Biochemical Methane Potential,BMP),为不同养殖场粪便管理甲烷评价提供参考,该研究选取蛋鸡粪、奶牛粪、猪粪三种主要畜禽粪便,在(37±0.5)℃条件下进行中温批式厌氧发酵试验,并利用First-order模型和修正后的Gompertz模型对试验结果进行拟合。结果表明,蛋鸡粪、奶牛粪和猪粪三种畜禽粪便的单位底物最大累积甲烷产量(Bo)分别为0.33、0.17和0.38 m^(3)/kg,与对应IPCC给出的亚洲地区缺省值0.24、0.13和0.29 m^(3)/kg不一致。First-order模型和修正后的Gompertz模型均能较好地拟合三种畜禽粪便厌氧发酵产甲烷过程。BMP1%(当日产甲烷量为累积甲烷产量的1%时的累积甲烷产量)均达到了试验结束时累积甲烷产量的90%以上,并且试验时间缩短了45.3%~76.6%。根据试验获得的三种典型畜禽粪便的产甲烷潜力值计算其年甲烷产生潜力,为中国畜牧业温室气体减排及相关政策制定提供参考。The purpose of this study was to acquire the biochemical methane potential(BMP)of livestock manure in practical production at the present stage.BMP tests of chicken manure(CM),dairy manure(DM),and swine manure(SM)were also conducted using the automatic methane potential test system at(37±0.5)℃.The first-order kinetic model and modified Gompertz model were selected to fit the BMP curve of CM,DM,and SM,thereby estimating the kinetic constant and the maximum BMP.The experiment results showed that the accumulated methane yields of CM,DM,and SM were measured to be 0.33,0.17,and 0.38 m^(3)/kg VSadded which extremely differed from the default value of 0.24,0.13,and 0.29 m^(3)·kg-1VSadded given by IPCC.Furthermore,BMP was also an important parameter to evaluate anaerobic digestion.The default value was offered by the IPCC suitable for regional inventory and the average level of all different livestock farms.As such,the livestock manure varied dramatically in composition,due mainly to the different factors,including livestock breeds,diet,and breeding structure.Meanwhile,the BMP depended only on the characteristic of livestock manure,such as organic carbon content.Two kinetic models presented a better fitting to the experimental data,suitable for the simulation of anaerobic digestion.A scientific estimation was made on the BMP value in the anaerobic digestion of livestock manure from different farms in various regions.Although the experiment was given a highly accurate BMP value,the BMP test required relatively complicated conditions,high cost,and long testing time,where the finishing time relied mostly on the subjective judgment of an experimenter.The BMP1%(the cumulative methane production when the present methane production reached 1%of cumulative methane production)was raised in German guideline VDI4630.The standardized way was used to define BMP value corresponding to necessary experiment time,in order to avoid subjective judgment during evaluation.The accumulated methane production all reached more than 90%of the

关 键 词：粪便 厌氧发酵 动力学 甲烷潜力 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]