论水资源用途管制与市场配置的法律调适  

On the Legal Adjustment Between the Use Control of Water Resources and the Market Allocation

作　　者：孟庆瑜[1,2] 张思茵 Meng Qingyu;Zhang Siyin

机构地区：[1]河北大学法学院,保定071002 [2]河北大学国家治理法治化研究中心

出　　处：《中州学刊》2021年第9期56-65,共10页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：河北省教育厅重大课题攻关项目“白洋淀流域生态安全评价及协同保护研究”(ZD202023)。

摘　　要：水资源用途管制是政府基于水资源归国家所有和公共利益需要而干预市场的一项专门制度,我国两级水权市场上相关主体的行为均需要贯彻落实该制度要求。当前,水资源要素市场存在政府职能边界不清、水资源用途管制高成本低效率的管制失灵问题,以及初始水权配置中市场缺位、水权交易和水市场建设进程缓慢、水权市场运行基础薄弱等市场不足的问题。应对这些问题,需要从优化政府管制和健全市场机制两方面进行法律制度调适。具体措施包括:以公共利益需要为基准,明确政府管制的职能边界;通过构建水资源用途管制的沟通协调机制、适度放松机制、决策参与和监督机制,提升政府管制效能;构建和完善水资源确权登记制度、水权交易价格形成机制、水权交易利益补偿制度、水市场运行的支持保障体系,实现水资源用途管制与市场配置的协调、良性互动。Water resources use control is a special system for the government to intervene in the market based on the ownership of water resources by the state and the needs of public interests.All those involved in China′s two-tier water rights market need to follow the requirements of water resources use control.At present,there are some problems of market control failures in the water resources factor market,such as unclear boundary of government functions,high cost and low efficiency of water resources use control.There are also some problems of market insufficiency,such as the absence of market in the initial allocation of water rights,the slow process of water right transaction and water market construction,and the weak operation foundation of water right market.To deal with these problems,we need to adjust the legal system from two aspects:optimizing government regulation and perfecting market mechanism.Specific measures include:defining the functional boundary of government regulation based on the needs of public interests;improving the efficiency of government control by constructing a communication and coordination mechanism,moderating relaxation mechanism,decision-making participation and supervision mechanism of water resources use control;constructing and improving the water resources right confirmation and registration system,the price formation mechanism of water rights transactions,the compensation system of water rights transactions,and the support and guarantee system for the operation of the water market,so as to realize the coordination and benign interaction between the water resources use control and the market allocation.

关 键 词：水资源 用途管制 市场配置 

分 类 号：D922.66[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]