美国储气调峰成本疏导机制及其启示  

America's allocation mechanism of gas storage and peak shaving cost and its implications

作　　者：粟科华[1] 李伟[1] 辛静 刘建勋[1] 刘殊呈 王晓波 寇忠[1] SU Kehua;LI Wei;XIN Jing;LIU Jianxun;LIU Shucheng;WANG Xiaobo;KOU Zhong(Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute,Beijing 102206,China;CCB Investment Consulting,Beijing 100081,China;PipeChina West Pipeline Company,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京市102206 [2]建融投资咨询(北京)有限公司 [3]国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司西部管道公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2021年第9期160-168,共9页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目“地下储气库商业运营模式与投资评价方法研究”(编号:P18096-6)。

摘　　要：当前,国内业界对天然气产业链中储气调峰成本的疏导研究主要集中于地下储气库→供气企业环节,对供气企业→燃气公司→终端用户这两个环节的研究则相对薄弱,导致上一级主体储气调峰成本难以顺利疏导的情况时有发生,在一定程度上影响了我国储气能力建设的良性循环。为了解决上述问题,以美国为例,对其储气调峰成本在天然气产业链中疏导的全过程进行了系统梳理,并选取天然气调峰特性和我国京津冀地区相似的科罗拉多州为研究样本,结合具体项目和实际操作过程进行了深入剖析。研究结果表明:①美国储气调峰成本通过产生、流转和分配3个环节完成疏导,3个环节层次分明,公平和效率各有侧重;②能否获取预期收益是相关主体是否参与调峰的决定性因素;③在调峰过程中经营主体高度重视经营风险控制,尽量缩小风险敞口。进而对我国储气调峰成本疏导机制提出了建议:①进一步完善相关法律制度建设,逐步建立兼顾规范性和灵活性的调峰责任划分机制;②进一步理顺疏导机制,让各环节都有稳定的收益预期;③研究将一部分储气调峰成本纳入管输费的可行性。At present,the allocation of gas storage and peak shaving cost in China's natural gas industry chain is mainly concentrated in the link of underground gas storage to gas supply enterprises,but relatively weak in the subsequent links of gas supply enterprises,gas companies and terminal users,which makes it difficult to allocate smoothly the gas storage and peak shaving cost of the upper-level entity from time to time,and this impacts the virtuous circle of China's gas storage capacity building to a certain extent.To solve this problem,this paper takes America as an example to systematically sort out its whole allocation process of gas storage and peak shaving cost in the natural gas industry chain.In addition,Colorado whose peak shaving characteristics of natural gas are similar to those of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is selected and dissected based on specific projects and actual operation process.And the following research results are obtained.First,the allocation of gas storage and peak shaving cost in America is completed through three links,i.e.,generation,circulation and distribution,which have a clear architecture and are different in fairness and efficiency.Second,whether the expected income can be obtained or not is a decisive factor for the relevant entities to participate in peak shaving.Third,in the process of peak shaving,the business entities shall attach great importance to the control of business risks and minimize the risk exposures.Finally,several suggestions are proposed to the allocation mechanism of gas storage and peak shaving cost in China.First,further improve the construction of related legal systems,and gradually establish the peak-shaving responsibility division mechanism with normalization and flexibility.Second,further straighten out the allocation mechanism to ensure the expected stable income of each link.Third,study the feasibility to include part of gas storage and peak shaving cost into the pipeline transmission fee.

关 键 词：地下储气库 储气调峰成本疏导 城市燃气 经营主体 终端用户 预期收益 经营风险 管输费 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]