天津市滨海新区滩涂开发利用特征的遥感分析  

Remote sensing analysis of tidal flat utilization characteristic of Tianjin Binhai New Area

作　　者：李霄宇 程亮[2] 沙红良 肖立敏[2] 孙林云[2] LI Xiaoyu;CHENG Liang;SHA Hongliang;XIAO Limin;SUN Linyun(School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056021,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau for the Downstream of Yangtze River,Nanjing 210011,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学水利水电学院,河北邯郸056021 [2]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [3]长江水利委员会水文局长江下游水文水资源勘测局,江苏南京210011

出　　处：《海洋通报》2021年第4期379-386,共8页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0407502)。

摘　　要：为评估滨海滩涂开发利用对生态环境和水资源利用的影响,提出了滩涂开发利用特征遥感分析方法。该方法基于Landsat遥感影像,先利用阈值分割与目视解译相结合的方式解译人工岸线,再定位滩涂开发利用区并对其土地利用进行分类识别,然后通过人工岸线和土地利用的时空变化,分析揭示滩涂开发利用特征。采用2002—2018年五个时期Landsat遥感影像,利用该方法分析了天津市滨海新区滩涂开发利用的时空演变特征。结果表明该方法不受潮位影响,能够科学准确地反映滩涂开发利用特征。截至2018年,滨海新区人工岸线由2002年的146.22 km增加至315.69 km,增加了115.9%;累计围填海350.76 km^(2),为滨海新区增加了15.5%的土地资源;滩涂开发利用区新增的建设用地面积为63.43 km^(2),超过滨海新区新增建筑面积的20%;陆地区域未利用土地面积仅3.58 km^(2),而滩涂开发区内尚未利用的土地为228.05 km^(2),为未来发展提供了重要的后备土地资源。时间上,滩涂开发利用从2002年起步,2006—2014年扩展速度最快,此后明显回落,主要集中于2006—2014年;在空间上则以天津港与南港工业区附近为主。To evaluate the impact of tidal flat utilization on ecological environment and water resources,a remote sensing method is proposed to extract and analyze tidal flat utilization characteristic.The artificial shoreline is firstly identified by manual interpretation and threshold segmentation using Landsat remote sensing images,and then used to locate tidal flat reclamation zone.The area and land use type of this zone are derived too.The temporal and spatial changes of these indexes are used to reveals to the characteristics of tidal flat utilization.Tianjin Binhai New Area(TBNA)is selected as an example to demonstrate this method.The results show that the method is not affected by tidal level and can scientifically reflect the characteristic of tidal flat utilization.By 2018,the length of artificial shoreline of TBNA has increased from 146.22 km in 2002 to 315.69 km,with an increase of 115.9%.The accumulative reclamation area has reached 350.76 km^(2) and accounting for 15.5%of the TBNA land resources.The newly added construction land area in tidal flat utilization zone is 63.43 km^(2),accounting for more than 20%of the new construction land in TBNA.There are 228.05 km^(2) unused land in the tidal flat utilization zone,which can provide important land resources for future development whereas in the land area the area is only 3.58 km^(2).The utilization started from 2002,and reached its highest speed in the period from 2006 to 2014.The main utilization area is located at Tianjin Port and Nangang Industrial Zone.

关 键 词：滩涂开发利用 遥感 LANDSAT 人工岸线 土地利用 天津滨海新区 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P748[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]