“打黑工”:经济理性与道义生存的困境 以J厂装配钳工为例  

“Working Illegally”:Predicament of Economic Rationality and Moral Existence——A Case Study of J Factory’s Assembly Fitters

作　　者：胡悦晗[1] HU Yuehan(school of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《社会》2021年第4期96-125,共30页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文运用经济理性与道义生存的"斯科特—波普金"视角,以一家烟草设备生产企业装配钳工的"打黑工"经历为个案,考察以烟草业为代表的垄断行业国企工人在市场化转型过程中的生存困境。本文认为,市场竞争体制与行政垄断体制并存的现状使垄断经济滋生出了地下经济产业链,地下经济与垄断经济相生相克,失去垄断体制保护的国有企业面临产品周期终结的经营危机,工人也面临技能匹配障碍的转型危机。国企工人拒绝市场化出路而进入地下经济产业链"打黑工",这看似是经济理性与道义生存的统一,实则导致国家、企业与工人三者利益共同受损,既未实现经济理性的最终目的,亦不具备道义生存的正当性,构成了二律背反的选择困境。The Chinese economic reform has brought a complex economic and social structure with the coexistence of market competition and bureaucratic monopoly,which gives rise to all kinds of“gray”or even“black”markets and industrial chains that are outside the legal boundaries. This paper is an investigation of the survival crisis of workers in state-owned enterprises under the monopoly economic system through the case of “illegally working”assembly fitters in a tobacco equipment factory. The“Scott-Popkin”perspective of economic rationality and moral survival is applied as theoretical framework in this study. The study finds that the combination of market competition and bureaucratic control allows economic monopoly such as the tobacco industry that,in turn,breeds an underground industrial chain. The monopolistic and underground industries constitute unequal competition in production and redistribution,leading to monopolistic entities using institutional resources and public powers to prohibit underground entities. In response,underground entities work on small scales and shortterm and flexible production process to improve their “exit”ability. The codependence as well as competitiveness between the two economies lead to inevitable business crisis at the end of production cycles once the SOEs lose monopoly protection,and skill mismatch crisis for workers. State employed workers who are unwilling to seek work in job market often take risks to “work illegally”with underground entities for higher returns,and in so doing help resolve the skill matching problem. This behavior can be rationalized as moral survival and market necessity. However, in essence, the phenomenon is the continuity of the elimination process of outdated technology and production organization,and a gain-loss struggle between the interests of the state,enterprises and workers. It lacks either the logic purpose of economic rationality or the legitimate basis of moral survival. The economic rationality and moral existence of ScottPopk

关 键 词：垄断经济 地下经济 “打黑工” “斯科特—波普金”视角 烟草业 

分 类 号：F426.4[经济管理—产业经济]