氮密调控对两个冬小麦品种碳氮代谢及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Carbon Metabolism,Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Yield of Two Winter Wheat Varieties

作　　者：王金凤 王壮壮 谷丰序 牟海萌 王宇 段剑钊 冯伟 王永华 郭天财 WANG JinFeng;WANG ZhuangZhuang;GU FengXu;MOU HaiMeng;WANG Yu;DUAN JianZhao;FENG Wei;WANG YongHua;GUO TianCai(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat,Zhengzhou 450046;Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州450046 [2]河南粮食作物协同创新中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第19期4070-4083,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31471439);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究品种、施氮量、种植密度及其交互作用对豫东南黏壤潮土区冬小麦碳氮代谢及籽粒产量的影响,明确该区冬小麦适宜的氮密调控处理组合,以期为该地区冬小麦高产高效栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】于2018—2020年连续2个冬小麦生长季,在豫东南黏壤潮土区设置品种(分蘖力中等、成穗率较高品种,鑫华麦818;分蘖力强、成穗率中等品种,百农207)、施氮量(N0,0;N240,240 kg·hm^(-2);N360,360 kg·hm^(-2))和种植密度(M1,225万株/hm^(2);M2,375万株/hm^(2);M3,525万株/hm^(2))三因素裂裂区试验,重点分析三因子处理下冬小麦碳代谢(可溶性糖含量;磷酸蔗糖合成酶SPS活性;蔗糖合成酶SS活性)、氮代谢(可溶性蛋白质含量;硝酸还原酶NR活性;谷氨酰胺合成酶GS活性)生理参数及产量的差异。【结果】品种、氮肥、密度及其交互作用显著影响冬小麦的碳氮代谢,氮肥是影响2个品种产量及其构成因素的主控调节因子。施氮量、种植密度对碳氮代谢的影响因生育时期、品种而异。总体来看,氮密调控对2个品种碳代谢的调控优势主要在灌浆后期,对氮代谢的调控优势主要在灌浆中期,灌浆中后期M2N240处理的碳氮代谢指标参数值较最小处理组合平均增幅达358.28%。碳氮代谢平衡对不同分蘖成穗特性冬小麦品种产量形成的影响较大,尤其是生育后期,这可能是鑫华麦818整体产量高于百农207的主要生理原因。两年度试验均以M2N240处理下的产量较高,较产量最低的M1N0处理提高96.49%。【结论】综合考虑品种、氮肥、密度及其交互作用对冬小麦碳氮代谢平衡及产量的影响,施氮量和种植密度对2个冬小麦品种碳氮代谢的调控优势主要在灌浆中后期,M2N240处理可作为豫东南黏壤潮土区适宜的氮密调控组合。【Objective】A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer,plant density and its interaction on carbon metabolism,nitrogen metabolism and grain yield of winter wheat in moist clayey soil of southeastern Henan province,and to clarify the appropriate nitrogen-density treatment for winter wheat in this area,so as to provide the technical support for optimizing high yield and high efficiency cultivation of winter wheat in this area.【Method】The treatments included two varieties(Xinhua 818 with medium tiller ability and high heading rate and Bainong 207 with high tiller ability and medium heading rate),three nitrogen rates(N0,0;N240,240 kg·hm^(-2);N360,360 kg·hm^(-2))and three plant densities(M1,225×10^(4)plant/hm^(2);M2,375×10^(4)plant/hm^(2);M3,525×10^(4)plant/hm^(2))during two consecutive winter wheat growing seasons from 2018 to 2020 in moist clayey soil of southeastern Henan province.The differences of carbon metabolism(soluble sugar content;SPS activity;SS activity),nitrogen metabolism(soluble protein content;NR activity;GS activity)and yield under three-factor treatments were analyzed.【Result】Variety,nitrogen fertilizer and density and their interactions significantly affected the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat,and nitrogen fertilizer was the main effect that affected the yield and its components of the two winter wheat varieties.The effects of nitrogen application amount and planting density on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the two winter wheat varieties in different growth stages were different.On the whole,the advantage of nitrogen-density regulation on carbon metabolism of the two winter wheat was mainly in the late filling stage,while the advantage on nitrogen metabolism was mainly in the middle stage of filling,during which the average increase of carbon and nitrogen metabolism indexes under M2N240 was 358.28%compared with the minimum treatment.The balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism had a greater impact on the yield formation of wint

关 键 词：冬小麦 施氮量 种植密度 碳氮代谢 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]