相同气候背景下南北方稻田土壤上水稻生长及氮响应差异研究  

Difference in Nitrogen Responses and Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Paddy Soils in Southern and Northern China Under the Same Climatic Condition

作　　者：黄秋红 刘智蕾[1] 李鹏飞 车俊杰 于彩莲[2] 彭显龙[1] HUANG QiuHong;LIU ZhiLei;LI PengFei;CHE JunJie;YU CaiLian;PENG XianLong(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;College of Chemical and Environment Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]哈尔滨理工大学化学与环境工程学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第19期4143-4154,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200100,2016YFD0300900)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤是影响作物产量和氮肥吸收利用的因素之一,深入研究南北方稻田土壤对水稻生长及氮效率的影响,以期为调控区域水稻高产优质提供参考。【方法】2018-2019年,以黑龙江省黑土型水稻土,江苏省乌栅土型水稻土为试验材料,在黑龙江省哈尔滨市进行水稻盆栽试验。每种土壤设置3个施氮水平,即N0:不施氮肥;N1:0.87 g N/pot(相当于150 kg N·hm^(-2));N2:1.74 g N/pot(相当于300 kg N·hm^(-2))。测定水稻分蘖、SPAD值、分蘖成穗率、土壤矿化氮量、水稻产量和氮效率。【结果】黑土型水稻土的早期分蘖对施氮有响应,分蘖数随施氮量增加而增加,而乌栅土型水稻土的分蘖在拔节期后才对施氮有响应。土壤对水稻分蘖的影响存在年际间差异,2018年土壤类型对分蘖数有显著影响,不施氮时乌栅土型水稻土的分蘖数比黑土型水稻土高4.41%-43.04%,而施氮后乌栅土型水稻土比黑土型水稻土的分蘖数低8.25%-12.98%;2019年黑土型水稻土的分蘖数多数高于乌栅土型水稻土4.41%-46.53%。两种水稻土的分蘖成穗率与叶片SPAD值在2018年有显著差异,乌栅土型水稻土的叶片SPAD值比黑土型水稻土高19.28%-21.19%,乌栅土型水稻土的分蘖成穗率比黑土型水稻土高23.89%-40.53%,2019年土壤类型对水稻分蘖成穗率与叶片SPAD值均无显著影响。28 d淹水培养试验表明,两种土壤的无机氮总量基本相同,乌栅土型水稻土的初始矿化速率比黑土型水稻土高,但后期矿化速率比黑土型水稻土低,黑土型水稻土的矿化势更高,有更大的矿化潜力。黑土型水稻土的AEN(氮肥农学效率)比乌栅土型水稻土高,而乌栅土型水稻土的PFPN(氮肥偏生产力)比黑土型水稻土高,乌栅土型水稻土的Y0/Nr(Y0为无肥区产量,Nr为施氮量)更高,供氮与施氮更加协调。2018年黑土型水稻土的REN(氮肥吸收利用率)和PEN(氮肥生理利用率)均显著高于乌栅土型水稻土,【Objective】Soil is one of the factors affecting crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer uptake or utilization.In order to provide suggestions for high yield and high quality of rice producing,we clarify the effect of paddy soil in northern and southern China on rice growth and nitrogen efficiency.【Method】In 2018 and 2019,the pot experiments were conducted in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province.The experimental soils were black paddy soil from Heilongjiang and gleyed paddy soil from Jiangsu.Three nitrogen fertilization levels were set for each soil,including no nitrogen application(N0),0.87 g N/pot(N1,equivalent to 150 kg N·hm^(-2)),and 1.74 g N/pot(N2,equivalent to 300 kg N·hm^(-2)).Tiller numbers,SPAD value,yields and earing rates of rice,as well as nitrogen mineralization amount and nitrogen utilization efficiency of two soils,were determined.【Result】Rice tiller numbers on black paddy soil increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application at early growth stage,however,which on gleyed paddy soil was responded to nitrogen application after the elongation stage.Soil type has a significant effect on rice tiller number.In 2018,rice tiller numbers on gleyed paddy soil was 4.41%-43.04%higher than that on black paddy soil without nitrogen application,while tiller numbers was 8.25%-12.98%lower than that on the black paddy soil after nitrogen application.In 2019,the most of tiller numbers on black paddy soil was 4.41%-46.53%higher than that on gleyed paddy soil.In 2018,the leaf SPAD value and the earbearing tiller percentage of rice showed significant differences between two soil types.The leaf SPAD value on gleyed paddy soil was 19.28%-21.19%higher than that on black paddy soil,and also,earbearing tiller percentage of rice on gleyed paddy soil was 23.89%-40.53%higher than that on black paddy soil,but no significant difference between two soil types was observed in leaf SPAD value and earbearing tiller rate in 2019.Water-logged incubation over 28 days showed that two types of soils had the same inorganic n

关 键 词：土壤类型 水稻 氮响应 氮效率 分蘖 氮矿化 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]