人工智能的技术反思与伦理困境:综述与展望  

Technological Reflection and Ethical Dilemma of Artificial Intelligence:a Survey and Prospect

作　　者：吕俭[1] 洪媛娣 董星月 LYU Jian;HONG Yuandi;DONG Xingyue(College of Geographic information and Tourism,Chuzhou University,Chuzhou Anhui 239000,China)

机构地区：[1]滁州学院地理信息与旅游学院,安徽滁州239000

出　　处：《重庆文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期98-107,共10页Journal of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences（Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：安徽省社会科学创新发展研究项目“供给侧改革驱动安徽省旅游经济增长的动力机制与实现路径:基于效率视角”(2019CX086);滁州学院大学生创新训练项目“安徽省旅游业存在‘资源诅咒’现象吗?”(2020CXXL005)。

摘　　要：人工智能技术极大地增进了人类福祉,与此同时,对技术的盲目膜拜导致人工智能超越论甚嚣尘上。在科技进步不可逆的背景下,文章通过综述相关文献,回答了两个问题:人工智能的发展上限在哪里?人工智能有可能导致哪些伦理困境和道德桎梏?围绕上述内容,文章从哲学和技术维度审视了人工智能的发展上限,认为人工智能是技术理性的产物,不可能超越人类智慧;从社会伦理视角审视了人工智能的失业危机对道德价值、伦理秩序的冲击;从算法权力视角审视了其对现有秩序的瓦解以及智能武器带来的人道危机;从否定的法律人格视角审视了人工智能犯罪导致的法律危机。结论认为人工智能发展应秉持工具属性和人的价值主体地位,才是人类自由通向自在之境的唯一道路。The artificial intelligence technology has greatly improved human’s well-being,At the same time,the blind worship of technology leads to the rampant transcendence of artificial intelligence.Under the background of irreversible scientific and technological progress,the research answered two questions by summarizing the relevant literature:where is the upper limit of the development of artificial intelligence?What ethical dilemmas and moral shackles may artificial intelligence lead to?Focusing on the above contents,in the research the upper limit of the development of artificial intelligence was examined from the perspective of philosophy and technology,and it is believed that artificial intelligence is the product of technical rationality and cannot surpass human intelligence;from the perspective of social ethics,the impact of the unemployment crisis of artificial intelligence on moral value and ethical order was reviewed;from the perspective of algorithmic power,its disintegration of the existing order and the humanitarian crisis brought by intelligent weapons was investigated;the legal crisis caused by artificial intelligence crime was examined from the perspective of negative legal personality.The conclusion is that the development of artificial intelligence should adhere to the tool attribute and the subject status of human value,which is the only way for human freedom to be free.

关 键 词：人工智能 极限批判 技术伦理 法律危机 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]