橡胶树气刺短线采胶技术示范应用进展--以海南东方广坝地区为例  

Application Progress in the Technique of Short-Cut Tapping with Gas-Stimulation in Hevea brasiliensis in Guangba Area,Dongfang City,Hainan Province

作　　者：魏芳[1] 莫东红 刘超武 校现周 罗世巧[1] 杨文凤[1] 高宏华[1] 仇键[1] 吴明[1] WEI Fang;MO Donghong;LIU Chaowu;XIAO Xianzhou;LUO Shiqiao;YANG Wenfeng;GAO Honghua;QIU Jian;WU Ming(Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571737,Hainan;Guangba Branch of Hainan Natural Rubber Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Dongfang 572626,Hainan)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [2]海南天然橡胶产业集团股份有限公司广坝分公司,海南东方572626

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2021年第5期22-28,共7页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC337);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630022020003);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(No.CARS-33-ZP4)。

摘　　要：气刺短线采胶技术是1项省工高效的采胶技术,该项技术在我国海南、云南和广东三大植胶区进行了应用推广。本文对该技术在海南东方广坝地区的多年应用效果进行了总结,从技术使用单位的应用规模、干胶含量和胶工收入等方面进行统计和分析。6年来该技术在广坝地区应用面积由2838亩增加到1.7万亩,应用单位由2014年的3个增加到2019年的11个,亩产平均增加8.3kg,年人均产量增加1.2吨(比常规割胶增加29.3%),年人均收入增加0.8万元(比常规割胶增加23.1%),6年共节约用工523人(比常规割胶减少42.9%)。分析表明:气刺短线采胶技术主要是通过增加人均割胶株数和提高人均产量提升了割胶劳动生产率,通过提高胶工收入稳定了胶工队伍,发挥了技术示范引领作用。The technique of short-cut tapping with gas-stimulation has the advantages of labor-saving and high efficiency,which has been applied in Hainan Province,Yunnan Province and Guangdong Province.This paper summarized the application effects of the technique in Guangba Area,Dongfang City,Hainan Province in recent years.Statistics and analysis were made from the aspects of the application scale,dry rubber content and tapper income etc.In the past six years,the applied area of this technique increased from 2,838 mu to 17320 mu,and the numbers of application units increased from 3 in 2014 to 11 in 2019.The average rubber production per mu increased by 8.3 kg,and the annual per capita output increased by 1.0 ton,and the average rate was 29.3%compared with conventional rubber happing.The annual per capita income increased by 8,100 yuan,and the average rate was 23.1%compared with conventional rubber tapping.It also helped to reduce 523 tappers in 6 years(an decrease of 42.9%).The analysis indicated that the short-cut tapping with gas-stimulation technology increased the labor productivity of rubber tapping mainly through increasing per capita tapping tree number and rubber production,stabilized the tapping team by raising tapper income,and played a leading role in the technique demonstration.

关 键 词：气刺短线采胶技术 橡胶树 胶工短缺 广坝 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]