国内外典型列车火灾燃烧特性研究综述  

Summary of Research on Combustion Characteristics of Typical Train Fires at Home and Abroad

作　　者：马伟斌 王志伟 韩自力 马召辉 MA Weibin;WANG Zhiwei;HAN Zili;MA Zhaohui(Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道建筑》2021年第9期161-166,共6页Railway Engineering

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金(2019YJ027)。

摘　　要：列车火灾燃烧特性的研究方法主要有实体燃烧试验、模型燃烧试验和数值模拟三种,本文基于以上研究方法对德美日韩等发达国家和国内相关机构、学者的研究成果进行了综述与比较分析。结果表明:列车火灾模型燃烧试验和数值模拟在研究火灾发展机理和影响因素方面具有明显优势,但客观性差,获得的热释放速率、最高温度等数据与实车燃烧试验数据差异明显;国内外相同研究方法获得的结果差异较大,反映燃烧特性的最重要指标热释放速率在15~70 MW;我国尚未针对铁路列车进行相关试验,亟需采用三种方法对列车火灾热释放速率、火场温度、烟气组分等开展系统研究。建议通过仿真分析构建多材质多工况材料燃烧特性共享数据库。The research methods of train fire combustion characteristics mainly include solid combustion test,model combustion test and numerical simulation.Based on the above research methods,the research results of relevant institutions and scholars in China and developed countries such as Germany,the United States,Japan and South Korea were summarized and compared.The results show that the train fire model combustion test and numerical simulation have obvious advantages in studying the fire development mechanism and influencing factors,but their objectivity is poor,and the obtained data such as heat release rate and maximum temperature are obviously different from the real vehicle combustion test data.The results calculated by same research methods at home and abroad are quite different.The most important index reflecting the combustion characteristics is the heat release rate,which is 15~70 MW.China has not conducted relevant tests on railway trains,so it is urgent to use these three methods to carry out systematic research on train fire heat release rate,fire site temperature and flue gas composition.A shared database of material combustion characteristics under multi-material and multi-working conditions should be built through simulation analysis.

关 键 词：安全工程 列车火灾 实体燃烧 模型试验 数值模拟 燃烧特性 热释放速率 火场温度 

分 类 号：U298.4[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]