大叶金顶杜鹃繁育系统研究  

Study on the Breeding System of Rhododendron Prattii Franch.

作　　者：余海清 帅伟 姜欣华 刘燕云 廖成云[2] 姬慧娟[3] 马文宝[3] YU Haiqing;SHUAI Wei;JIANG Xinhua;LIU Yanyun;LIAO Chengyun;JI Huijuan;MA Wenbao(Institute of Forestry Science,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,Kangding 626001,China;Sichuan Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute,Chengdu 610081,China;Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland,Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,China)

机构地区：[1]甘孜藏族自治州林业科学研究所,四川康定626001 [2]四川省林业调查规划院,四川成都610081 [3]四川省林业科学研究院,森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川重点实验室,四川成都610081

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2021年第5期40-47,共8页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：甘孜州科技计划研发项目(GZYF2019002);四川省科技计划项目(应用基础研究)(2020YJ0470)。

摘　　要：本研究在自然居群中通过野外观察和人工授粉等试验,用花粉-胚珠比(P/O)、杂交指数、套袋和人工授粉等指标对大叶金顶杜鹃(Rhododendron prattii Franch.)的繁育系统进行了初步分析,探讨影响其生殖成功的因素。大叶金顶杜鹃群体开花时间为5月初至6月中下旬,花期持续48~55 d左右,雌、雄性器官具有同熟性,花粉活力在花蕾期和开花后1~8 d内均保持较高活力,柱头在开花4~8 d可授性最强,花粉-胚珠比(P/O)为852.97±75.5,杂交指数4,套袋试验人工异株异花授粉坐果率97.5%,食蚜蝇类为有效传粉昆虫。结果表明,大叶金顶杜鹃繁育系统为异花授粉植物,自交亲和,需要传粉者,能够为大叶金顶杜鹃在高海拔地区繁殖后代提供保障。在此基础上,可以为其新品种创制提供基础理论资料,丰富低海拔杜鹃花新品种。In this study, the breeding system of R. prattii Franch. was preliminarily analyzed by means of pollen-ovule ratio(P/O), hybridization index, bagging and artificial pollination in natural population, and the factors affecting the reproductive success of R. prattii were discussed. The flowering time of R. prattii population was from early May to middle and late June, which last for about 48-55 d. The female and male organs had the same maturity. The pollen vigor kept high at bud stage and 1-8 days after flowering. The stigma was the most fertile in 4-8 d after flowering, with the pollen-ovule ratio(P/O) of 852.97±75.5, the hybridization index of 4. In the bagging experiment, the fruit setting rate of artificial cross-pollination was 97.5%, and the hoverflies were the effective pollinators. The results showed that the breeding system of R. prattii was a cross-pollinated plant, which was self-compatible and needed pollinators. It could provide guarantee for reproduction at high altitude. On this basis, it could provide basic theoretical data for the creation of new varieties, which could enrich new Rhododendron varieties at low altitude.

关 键 词：常绿杜鹃花亚属 大理杜鹃亚组 异花授粉 自交亲和 传粉昆虫 

分 类 号：S685.21[农业科学—观赏园艺]