井、渠灌区典型粮田厚不饱和层土壤氮磷钾累积与淋失特征  

Accumulation and leaching characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in thick unsaturated layer of typical grain fields in well and canal irrigation areas

作　　者：陈薪如 张雨萌 张志勇 王玮 吉艳芝 尹兴 张丽娟 CHEN Xinru;ZHANG Yumeng;ZHANG Zhiyong;WANG Wei;JI Yanzhi;YIN Xing;ZHANG Lijuan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Hebei Province Farmland Ecological Environment Key Laboratory,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Luannan County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Luannan 06350,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]滦南县农业农村局,河北滦南063500

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2021年第4期96-102,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300905)。

摘　　要：为研究井、渠灌区厚不饱和层土壤氮磷钾累积与淋失特征,本试验进行了试验区水肥投入调研,对应采集0~1 000 cm厚不饱和层土壤样品,并测定各土层硝态氮和水溶性磷钾含量。结果表明:井、渠灌区施肥量无明显差异,灌水量渠灌区显著高于井灌区,平均可达井灌区的2.7倍;土壤含水量渠灌区高于井灌区,500 cm以上差异不显著,500 cm以下差异显著;渠灌农田氮素淋洗强烈,0~1 000 cm土体硝态氮呈锯齿状分布且高于井灌农田,土壤深层硝态氮累积严重;井灌区表层土壤水溶性磷钾累积量高于渠灌区;水溶性磷在100 cm以下渠灌区显著高于井灌区,水溶性钾在200 cm以下渠灌区显著高于井灌区。渠灌区常年过量灌溉,养分淋洗强烈,氮磷钾在深层土壤累积严重;本研究结果为河北省井、渠灌区粮田合理灌溉提供了理论依据。To investigate the characteristics of accumulation and leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in thick unsaturated layer soil in well and canal irrigation area, water and fertilizer input investigation was carried out in this experiment, corresponding to the collection of 0-1 000 cm thick unsaturated layer soil samples, and the content of nitrate nitrogen and water soluble phosphorus and potassium in each soil layer was determined. The results showed that there was no significant difference in fertilization amount between well irrigation and canal irrigation area, and the irrigation amount in canal irrigation area was significantly higher than that in well irrigation area, which was 2.7 times higher than that in well irrigation area. Soil water content in canal irrigation area was higher than that in the well irrigation area, and the difference above 500 cm was not significant, while the difference below 500 cm was significant. The nitrogen leaching intensity was higher in canal irrigation area, and the distribution of nitrate nitrogen in 0-1 000 cm soil of canal irrigation area was higher than that in the well irrigation field. The nitrate nitrogen accumulation in deep soil layer was serious. The water soluble phosphorus and potassium accumulation in the surface soil of well irrigation field was higher than that of canal irrigation area. Water soluble phosphorus in soil below 100 cm of canal irrigation area was significantly higher than that in the well irrigation area. Water soluble potassium in soil below 200 cm of canal irrigation area was significantly higher than that of well irrigation area. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for rational irrigation of grain fields in well and canal irrigation area of Hebei Province.

关 键 词：渠灌 井灌 硝态氮 水溶性磷钾 运移特征 累积与淋失 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]