垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥微生物种群结构和功能分析  

Microbial Structure and Function of Activated Sludge in Landfill Leachate Treatment Plant

作　　者：张雪 乔雪姣 苏佳 张立羽 余珂 ZHANG Xue;QIAO Xuejiao;SU Jia;ZHANG Liyu;YU Ke(Department of Environment and Energy,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055)

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院,深圳518055

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期927-937,共11页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51709005);深圳市基础研发项目(JCYJ20190808183205731)资助。

摘　　要：对垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥的16S rRNA基因和宏基因组进行高通量测序并分析,探究垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥微生物的种群结构、氮循环和有机污染物降解相关功能微生物和功能基因。结果表明,Cal-ditrichaeota门微生物丰度最高(58.77%),其次是Proteobacteria(16.80%)和Bacteroides(6.19%);Calorithrix属是活性污泥的优势菌属(58.77%);活性污泥中存在硝化、反硝化、同化硝酸盐还原、异化硝酸盐还原和氮固定5条氮循环途径,反硝化相关基因丰度最高(78.84%),主要分布于Calditrichaeota,Proteobacteria和Choro-flexi中;硝化作用由氨氧化菌Nitrosomonas完成。活性污泥中含有丰富的难降解有机污染物降解基因,Proteo-bacteria,Bacteroides,Planctomycetes,Calditrichaeota和Choroflexi是典型的有机污染物降解功能微生物。16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing was applied to study the structure of microbial commu-nity,functional microorganisms and genes in activated sludge of landfill leachate treatment.The results showed that Calditrichaeota was the most abundant phylum(58.77%),followed by Proteobacteria(16.80%)and Bacte-roides(6.19%).Calrithrix was the dominant genus of the activated sludge(58.77%).Five nitrogen cycle pathways were detected to form the microbial community of activated sludge,including nitrification,denitrification,assimilation nitrate reduction,dissimilation nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation.Denitrification genes were the most abundant among nitrogen cycling process(78.84%),which mainly distributed in Calditrichaeota,Proteo-bacteria and Choroflexi.Nitrification was achieved by ammonia oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas.There were abundant organic pollutants degradation genes in activated sludge.Proteobacteria,Bacteroides,Planctomycetes,Calditrichaeota and Choroflexi were typical functional microorganisms that can degrade organic pollutants.

关 键 词：垃圾渗滤液 活性污泥 种群结构 功能基因 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172