测墒补灌对邢麦13号耗水特征和子粒产量的影响  

Effects of Soil Moisture Measurement and Supplementary Irrigation on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Xingmai No.13

作　　者：程媛媛 苏娟娟 景东林 CHENG Yuan-yuan;SU Juan-juan;JING Dong-lin(Xingtai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingtai 054000,China)

机构地区：[1]邢台市农业科学研究院,河北邢台054000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2021年第4期22-25,34,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0102004);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：为了给邢台地区小麦节水灌溉提供依据,2018~2019年以高产小麦品种邢麦13号为试材,以小麦全生育期不补充灌溉(T0)和当地传统灌溉(T_(ck))为对照,在拔节期和开花期0~40 cm土层测墒补灌至目标相对含水量分别为70%(T_(70))、75%(T75)和80%(T_(80)),研究了测墒补灌处理对小麦耗水特征和子粒产量的影响。结果表明:小麦全生育期不灌水较灌水处理更能够充分地利用降水和土壤贮水;传统灌溉下,降水和土壤贮水的消耗量占比最低。与传统灌溉相比,测墒补灌可明显降低麦田耗水总量,有效提高降水和160~200 cm土层土壤贮水的利用,其中T_(80)处理的小麦产量(7000.04 kg/hm^(2))、水分利用效率〔12.96 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)〕和灌溉效益〔13.41 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)〕均为最高。拔节期和开花期0~40 cm土层测墒补灌至目标相对含水量为80%,小麦产量水平与传统灌溉基本相当,水分利用效率和灌溉效益显著提高,能够兼顾高产与节水,是本研究条件下最佳的补灌方案。In order to provide basis for water-saving irrigation of wheat in Xingtai,the high-yield wheat variety Xingmai No.13 was used as material from 2018 to 2019,and no supplementary irrigation(T0)and local traditional irrigation(T_(ck))in the whole growth period of wheat were used as control,the soil moisture in 0-40 cm soil layer was measured at jointing stage and flowering stage,until the target relative water content was 70%(T_(70)),75%(T75)and 80%(T_(80))respectively,and the effects of soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat were studied.The results showed that no irrigation could make full use of precipitation and soil water storage than irrigation in the whole growth period of wheat.Under traditional irrigation,the consumption of precipitation and soil water storage accounted for the lowest proportion.Compared with traditional irrigation,soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation could significantly reduce the total water consumption of wheat field and effectively improve the utilization of precipitation and soil water storage in 160-200 cm soil layer.Among them,the wheat yield(7000.04 kg/hm^(2)),water use efficiency〔12.96 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)〕and irrigation benefit〔13.41 kg/(hm^(3)·mm)〕of T_(80) treatment were the highest.When soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation in 0-40 cm soil layer at jointing stage and flowering stage until the target relative water content was 80%,the yield level of wheat was basically equivalent to traditional irrigation,water use efficiency and irrigation benefit were significantly improved,which could give consideration to high yield and water saving,and was the best supplementary irrigation scheme under the conditions of this study.

关 键 词：邢麦13号 测墒补灌 耗水特征 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311