基因技术专利化的问题、争议与应对  

Problems, Disputes and Responses on Patenting of Genetic Technology

作　　者：刘鑫[1] Liu Xin

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2021年第8期4-17,共14页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：教育部、国家外专局高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划),项目编号B18058。

摘　　要：基因技术专利化意味着基因技术的产权化,是基因产业发展的重要制度保障。但是,由于技术水平和立法选择的不同,各国在基因技术的可专利性范围和专利保护模式上存在较大争议。与此同时,隐私保护难题、社会安全隐患、生命伦理挑战等潜在制度风险也制约着基因技术专利保护的有效运作。因此,我国在构建基因技术专利保护规则时,应从本土国情出发,明确基因专利保护范围,选取适当的保护模式,设置基因专利与隐私保护、社会安全、生命伦理等相关权益与理念之间的协调机制,使基因技术专利运营中各种风险得以有效化解,保证我国基因专利化进程的有序推进。The patenting of genetic technology means the property rights protection of genetic technology,which is an important institutional guarantee for the development of gene industry.However,due to the differences in the technical level and the legislative choice,there are great controversies over the patentability scope and patent protection mode of genetic technology all over the world.While,there also exist some institutional risks,such as privacy protection problems,social security risks,bioethical challenges and so on,which restricts the effective operation of the patent protection of genetic technology.Therefore,our country should define the scope of genetic patent protection clearly and choose the appropriate protection mode based on the national condition,and we should also set up coordination mechanisms between genetic patents and privacy rights,social security,bioethics to resolve the various risks in the operation of genetic patents and ensure the orderly progress of genetic technologies patenting in China.

关 键 词：基因技术 基因专利 隐私保护 公共健康 生命伦理 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]