鄂西地区欧洲云杉幼龄无性系生长差异及早期评价与选择  

Growth Difference and Early Evaluation and Selection of Young Picea abies Clones in Western Hubei

作　　者：高本旺 欧阳芳群 高晗[1] 李薇 雷华 田开春 祁松 王军辉 GAO Ben-wang;OUYANG Fang-qun;GAO Han;LI Wei;LEI Hua;TIAN Kai-chun;QI Song;WANG Jun-hui(Yichang Forest Research Institute,Yichang 443111,Hubei,China;Beijing Botanical Garden,Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Beijing 100093,China;Yiling Zhangcunping State-Owned Forestry Farm,Yichang 443145,Hubei,China;State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breedling,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]宜昌市林业科学研究所,湖北宜昌443111 [2]北京市植物园管理处,北京市花卉园艺工程技术研究中心,城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京100093 [3]湖北宜昌夷陵区樟村坪国有林场,湖北宜昌443145 [4]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2021年第5期88-94,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：“十三五”重点研发课题:椴树和云杉优良品系选育与定向培育技术研究(2017YFD0600606);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目:长叶云杉和欧洲云杉扦插繁育与造林示范;林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目:欧洲云杉优良无性系产业化示范(2020133110号)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过对378个9年生捷克种源欧洲云杉无性系的生长性状遗传变异分析,选育欧洲云杉优良无性系,为本地区造林提供优质遗传材料,加速当地引入云杉人工林高质量发展。[方法]采用随机完全区组设计,建立378个欧洲云杉无性系对比试验林,调查或计算其树高、胸径、材积、冠幅、当年新梢长、第一轮分枝数等指标,并通过EXCEL和R包lme4(Linear Mixed-Effects Models using'Eigen'and S4)进行数据整理及遗传参数计算,选择优良无性系。[结果]无性系树高、当年新梢长、胸径、分枝数、冠幅在无性系间及与区组交互作用下均差异极显著;遗传变异系数为10.02%~20.38%;表型变异系数为31.36%~48.36%;无性系重复力为0.59~0.71;相关系数中,无性系树高、新梢长、胸径、冠幅表型相关和遗传相关系数较高(0.72~0.95),且都极显著相关。采用BLUP法计算无性系树高遗传值,从378个无性系中选择30个欧洲云杉无性系,入选率为7.94%,入选无性系树高遗传增益为26.38%。[结论]378个欧洲云杉无性系树高、新梢长、胸径、分枝数和冠幅在无性系间存在显著变异,同时受到无性系与环境互作效应影响,即无性系也存在与立地的明显互作关系,说明在推行无性系林业时,要因立地选择最适宜无性系。根据无性系树高遗传值筛选30个优良无性系,各表型性状生长优良,可为欧洲云杉在本地进行无性系造林推广应用提供优质材料作参考。[Objective]To select and breed elite trees for local quality reforestation by evaluating the genetic architecture of growth and branch relevant traits from 3789-year-old Picea abies clones.[Method]P.abies clones were established using a completely random block design.The genetic variation of height,diameter at breast height,crown width,stem increment of the current year,number of branch in the first round were analyzed to select elite clones using EXCEL and package lme4.[Result]The results showed that the clones and the interaction effects between clones and block significantly affected the height,diameter at breast height,crown width,stem increment,and branch of P.abies.The genetic and phenotypic variation coefficient were 10.02%~20.38%and 31.36%~48.36%.The repeatablilty of height,diameter at breast height,crown width,stem increment,branch and volume were 0.59~0.71.The phenotypic correlation and genetic correlation coefficients of height,stem increment,diameter at breast height,and crown width were 0.72 to 0.95,which were all significantly correlated to each other.30 elite clones were chosen by tree height genetic value with the selected ratio 7.94%.The genetic gain of the height were 26.38%.[Conclusion]The height,stem increment,diameter at breast height,branches,and crown width of 378 P.abies clones have significant variation among clones,and are affected by the interactive effect between clones and environment.The clones also have obvious interaction with site,indicating that the most suitable clones should be selected according to site when implementing clonal forestry.30 elite clones with good growth performance are chosen by their genetic values of tree height which may be used in the promotion and application of P.abies asexual reproduction.

关 键 词：欧洲云杉 无性系选择 遗传变异 遗传值 

分 类 号：S791.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]