秦汉律中的“失刑罪”  

The Crime of"Shixing"in the Laws of the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：宋磊[1] Song Lei(Institute of Legal History,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律史研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2021年第4期105-113,M0006,共10页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：第67批中国博士后科学基金面上资助(项目批号:2020M670593)。

摘　　要：秦汉律中专门追究司法责任的罪名有“不直”“纵囚”和“失刑罪”,其中“失刑罪”是指司法中因过失造成的定罪量刑失当。“失刑罪”的渊源十分久远,但“失刑罪”的发展却是在春秋时期铸刑书刑鼎以后的罪刑严格精准对应时代。秦汉时期通过覆讯、覆治(覆狱)、乞鞫、监御史和刺史监察劾举、录囚和使者循行“举冤狱”等多种途径发现和纠正“失刑罪”。“失刑罪”的罪名在秦末短暂消失,在汉代以后彻底消亡,但其体现出来的严格、精确追究司法责任的精神却为后世法律所沿用,并影响深远。There were three charges against law enforcement officials in the Qin and Han Dynasties,namely,“Buzhi”(不直),“Zongqiu”(纵囚),and“Shixing”(失刑).Among them,the“Shixing”refers to the improper conviction and sentencing caused by negligence in justice.Such a crime can be traced back to rather earlier times,however,it was not significant until the era of the Spring and Autumn when the written law became common and enforced in strict manner.There were various ways to convince such a crime in the Qin and Han dynasties,such as“Fuxun”(覆讯),“Fuzhi”(覆治),“Qiju”(乞鞫),and“Luqiu”(录囚).The crime of“Shixing”became invisible in the law practice of the late Qin period and disappeared completely after the Han Dynasty,while its influence can still be seen in later times.

关 键 词：失刑罪 司法责任 举冤狱 失纵不直论令 官司出入人罪 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]