公路基础设施对中国城乡居民收入差距的影响与机制  

Research on the Effect and Mechanism of Highway Infrastructure on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in China

作　　者：张杰 王文凯 Zhang Jie;Wang Wenkai(Institute of China'Economic Reform&Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学中国经济改革与发展研究院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第4期55-65,127,128,共13页Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“加快建设现代化经济体系”(项目编号:20AZD042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国交通基础设施建设是促进城乡收入差距逐步缓解的核心机制。采用中国每个城市地区层面的地形起伏度指标作为地区公路密集度的外生性工具变量,借此检验公路密集度对地区城乡收入差距的影响效应,发现中国公路基础设施建设对城乡居民收入差距具有显著缓解效应,地区公路密集度每增加一个单位,则中国城市地区内城乡收入差距降低1.40个百分点。同时,中国公路基础设施建设对农村居民收入的边际促进效应大于城镇居民,由此形成农村居民相对于城镇居民的收入追赶效应,这种效应则通过地区第三产业部门的扩张及对第三产业部门生产率的促进来实现。因此,地方政府要积极利用好交通基础设施建设与第三产业部门发展的相互支撑关系,同时也不能忽略第二产业部门中制造业部门和地区交通基础设施建设之间的互补关系。How to scientifically understand the many effects of infrastructure construction on China’s economic growth has become one of the important research propositions for Chinese scholars. Based on the design of reasonable exogenous instrumental variables,this paper has examined the effect from road intensity at the level of cities and regions in China on regional urban-rural income gap and its endogenous mechanism. The reasonable empirical finding is that the construction and improvement of road infrastructure at the level of cities and regions in China has a significant mitigating effect on the urban-rural income gap in a certain region,and furthermore,the magnitude of this mitigation has been proved to be quite significant. Specifically a one-unit increase in regional road density will reduce a 1. 40 percentage point in this gap. The subsequent analysis shows that the construction and improvement of road infrastructure had a greater increasing marginal effect to the income of rural residents than to that of urban residents in a certain region,thus a chase effect between the income of rural residents and that of urban which has been achieved through the expansion effect and productivity’s facilitation effect of the tertiary sector in the same region. This proves that under the current situation,the transfer and agglomeration effect of factors to the tertiary sector brought by the construction and improvement of transportation infrastructure is the core mechanism that contributes to gradually bridging the urban-rural income gap in China. The empirical findings of this paper demonstrate that the construction and improvement of transportation infrastructure play a unique role in China’s economic development,and also provide important policy ideas for mitigating China’s current income inequality.

关 键 词：公路密集度 城乡收入差距 追赶效应 产业转移效应 生产率促进效应 

分 类 号：F287.3[经济管理—国民经济] F124.7