中国农业土地利用的生态智慧及启示  

Ecological Wisdom and Enlightenment of China’s Agriculture Land Use Planning

作　　者：田长丰 牛雄[2] 杨秋生[1] Tian Changfeng;Niu Xiong;Yang Qiusheng(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002;The Development Research Center of the State Council,Beijing 100010)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院,郑州450002 [2]国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所,北京100010

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第26期146-152,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2021年河南省重点研发与推广专项软科学项目“乡村振兴战略背景下中原地区传统村落景观色彩识别系统及规划路径研究”(212400410381);2021年河南省教育厅人文社科项目“豫南传统村落文脉传承空间满意度评价及更新性保护策略研究”(2021-ZDJH-422);2021年河南省教育厅人文社科项目“乡风文明视角下的河南工贸型传统村落记忆保护与传承策略研究”(2021-ZZJH-453);2020年河南省教育厅人文社科项目“豫西传统村落特征性景观色彩识别系统及规划途径研究”(2020-ZZJH-513)。

摘　　要：为展示悠久的中国农业生态智慧,推动"生态智慧—生态实践—生态文明"的融合共生,通过对历史典籍资料和传统农业实践的文献分析和归纳演绎,总结了中国农业土地利用的生态智慧及其规划思维。研究表明:因天时、就地利、重人和体现了中国农业土地利用的生态智慧。整体生态观念、时间循环思维和要素统筹思想是中国农业土地利用的规划思维外在表现。在今日城乡空间规划和乡村振兴中要树立整体思维,通过生命共同体视角下的空间分配实现以人为本的城镇化;通过控制线划定为未来的空间布局打下基础;通过自然保护地体系建设筑牢国家生态安全屏障。通过城乡融合与乡村振兴来缩小城乡差距,实现共同富裕;通过战略性留白实现城乡发展的增值。在土地和人口要素统筹中,倡导发挥人的主观能动性。尽管古代中国农业土地利用是小尺度的土地利用与生态实践活动,但对于理解和推进今日的规划实践仍具有积极意义。To show time-honored China’s agricultural ecological wisdom, promote the integration and symbiosis of“ecological wisdom—ecological practice—ecological civilization”, we summarized the ecological wisdom and planning thinking of China’s agricultural land use through document analysis and induction of historical classics and traditional agricultural practices. The research shows that the ecological wisdom of agricultural land use in China is reflected by the favorable weather, favorable geographical position, and the emphasis on human resources. The overall ecological concept, time cycle thinking and factor planning thought are the external manifestation of the planning thinking of agricultural land use in China. In urban-rural spatial planning and rural revitalization, the wholeness mode of thinking should be set up, including conducting spatial allocation under the perspective of the community of life for man and nature to realize the peopleoriented urbanization, controlling the spatial planning of the land demarcation line to lay a foundation for future spatial layout;building the system of natural parks to form a sound protection shield for national ecological safety;promoting urban-rural integration and rural revitalization to narrow the gap between urban and achieve shared prosperity;and keeping the strategic margin to realize the added value of urban-rural development. In the overall planning of land and population elements, it is advocated to give play to the subjective initiative of people. Although agricultural land use in ancient China is small-scale land use and ecological practice, its ecological wisdom is still of positive significance for understanding and promoting the practice of land spatial planning today.

关 键 词：中国农业 生态智慧 土地利用 规划启示 规划思维 空间规划 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：S-02[农业科学]