基于大数据的中国土壤背景值与基准值及其变化特征研究——写在《中国土壤地球化学参数》出版之际  

Big data based studies of the variation features of Chinese soil’s background value versus reference value:A paper written on the occasion of Soil Geochemical Parameters of China’s publication

作　　者：奚小环[1] 侯青叶[2] 杨忠芳[2] 叶家瑜 余涛[2] 夏学齐[2] 成杭新[4] 周国华[4] 姚岚 XI Xiao-Huan;HOU Qing-Ye;YANG Zhong-Fang;YE Jia-Yu;YU Tao;XIA Xue-Qi;CHENG Hang-Xin;ZHOU Guo-Hua;YAO Lan(China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth Science and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Hubei Institute of Geological Experiments,Wuhan 430022,China;Institute of Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]湖北省地质实验研究所,湖北武汉430022 [4]中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《物探与化探》2021年第5期1095-1108,共14页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

摘　　要：土壤地球化学背景值与基准值研究是地球科学领域重要基础性工作。《中国土壤地球化学参数》是在全国多目标区域地球化学调查基础上,基于高质量高精度大数据研究的重要成果。本文概述地球化学调查工作方法与样品测试质量等若干基本要求,说明大数据的获取方式与精度水准。主要从宏观尺度上论述中国土壤背景值与基准值变化特征,包括:(1)研究中国土壤地球化学背景值与全球地壳丰度比值特征,阐述中国土壤元素(氧化物)背景值相对于全球地壳丰度的总体特征和基本规律;(2)通过辽河流域、黄河流域、长江流域及珠江流域土壤元素(氧化物)背景值与地壳丰度对比,研究由北方至南方各大流域相对于全球丰度的变化特征;(3)通过上述各大流域与全国土壤背景值对比,研究各大流域分别在全国总背景中的变化特征;(4)以中国基本无人类影响的代表自然本底的第一环境土壤背景值为基准,研究代表人类深度影响的第二环境土壤地球化学富集特征;(5)通过对比国内各大流域和地区第一环境与第二环境土壤地球化学背景比值特征,研究全国不同自然环境和地理景观条件下元素指标富集与贫化规律等。《中国土壤地球化学参数》研究建立在地球化学大数据基础上,信息量巨大,内涵极为丰富,是我国地球化学历史上空前规模的具有里程碑意义的学术成就,为包括土壤学、生态学、环境学、生物学在内的地球科学领域提供基础信息,为全球变化、全球环境、全球治理重大科学问题研究提供重要依据,为国家自然资源、生态环保、农业农村及卫生健康等行业部门科学管理与科学决策提供评价标准。本文研究仅仅触及宏观层面的某些方面,就已经涌流出大量生态信息、自然规律与科学问题需要深化研究和应用实践。可以预见,随着中国土壤地球化学参数的深入研究�The research on the soil’s geochemical background value and reference value is an important basic work in the field of geosciences.The publication of Soil Geochemical Parameters of China is an important result achieved on the basis of the China’s nation-wide multi-target regional geochemical survey and the high quality and precision big data studies.This paper outlines some basic requirements including the geochemical investigation method and the sample testing quality,and explains the acquisition means and accuracy level of the big data.We mainly discuss on a macro-scale the variation features of Chinese soil’s background value versus reference value,including:(1)to study the ratio feature between Chinese soil’s geochemical background value and the continental crust abundance of the world,and explain the overall characteristics and basic rules of Chinese soil element(oxide)background value versus the global continental crust abundance;(2)through comparing the soil element(oxide)background values of Liaohe river,yellow river,Yangzi river and Zujiang river catchment areas with the continental crust abundance,to study the variation features of soil element(oxide)background values of each large river catchment area from north China to south China versus the global continental crust abundance;(3)through comparing the soil background value of the above mentioned large river catchment areas with Chinese nationwide soil background value,to study the soil background value’s variation features of each large river catchment area relative to Chinese nationwide overall soil background value;(4)taking the soil background value of the"first environment",which represents the natural background with almost no human influence,as the baseline,to study soil’s geochemical enrichment characteristicsof the"second environment"which is deeply influenced by human activities;(5)through comparing the ratio features of"first environment"soil geochemical background versus"second environment"soil geochemical background of each lar

关 键 词：中国土壤 大数据 背景值与基准值 生态信息 变化特征 调查方法 数据精度 多目标区域地球化学调查 

分 类 号：P632[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]