血醇浓度检测中的影响因素及其研究进展  

Determination of Blood Alcohol:Influencing Factors and Research Progress

作　　者：张静静 徐超 刘玉娇 卢建珍 李建军 胡懿夫 王仲来 ZHANG Jingjing;XU Chao;LIU Yujiao;LU Jianzhen;LI Jianjun;HU Yifu;WANG Zhonglai(School of Public Security and Technology,Gansu University of Political Science and Law,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学公安技术学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《刑事技术》2021年第5期524-530,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：兰州市科技计划项目(2019-1-45);甘肃政法大学研究生科研创新项目(2019025)。

摘　　要：血醇分析是法医物证鉴定中的重要研究内容,其检测结果的准确性不仅关系到司法判定的客观性及公平性,同时也对死亡原因和死亡时间的判定具有重要作用。血醇分析常采用气相色谱分析方法,色谱分离系统的选择以及血液样品的采集方法和储存条件、乙醇的吸收与代谢、尸体腐败程度等因素对血醇检测结果的准确性影响明显,是干扰血醇检测的主要因素。本文对这些影响因素进行综述与探讨,以期能减少血醇检测中的不利影响因素,从而提高血醇检测结果的准确性和证据价值,并为司法判定和案件侦破提供法律依据和线索。Analysis of blood alcohol(BA)is important for forensic identification,especially the relevant traffic accident because the concentration of BA is a key evidential indicator for drunk driving judgement.Besides,the BA concentration is also a crucial basis for inferring death time and cause.Therefore,the accuracy of BA analysis is related to not only judicial determination into correctness and fairness but also more clues provided for police to investigate about the involving case.Usually,BA contains ethanol,the major constituent,plus other congeneric compounds:acetaldehyde,acetone,methanol,isopropanol,n-propanol and n-butanol in a drunken individual’s blood or that from a corpse.These components are of similar chemical structures,pharmacokinetics and metabolic characteristics to ethanol with which to take competitive inhibition in liver.Thus,there are many factors able to affect BA determination into its accuracy,reliability and sensitivity,together with the analytic methods(e.g.,the commonly-adopted gas chromatography),the samples’storage time,the discrepant metabolism and interference between ethanol and its congeneric compounds.On the other hand,the congeneric compounds can play favorable roles for forensic identification with their various metabolic characteristics thanks to their concentrations that are eligible for verification of allegations or retrospective calculation concerning the time of alcohol intake.In this paper,the determination of BA is reviewed about its influencing factors as indicated above and research progress,with addition of blood samples’collecting positions,pretreatment and storage conditions,the metabolism of ethanol,and the decay of cadaver.This review may provide legal reference for judicial decision and case investigation.

关 键 词：血醇分析 影响因素 研究进展 法医物证 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]