秦山核电站邻近海域生态环境长期变化  

Long-term Changes of the Ecological Environment in the Adjacent Waters of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station

作　　者：叶文琪 刘翰仁 李尚鲁 廖一波 陈悦 汤雁滨 陈全震 寿鹿 杜萍 YE Wenqi;LIU Hanren;LI Shanglu;LIAO Yibo;CHEN Yue;TANG Yanbin;CHEN Quanzhen;SHOU Lu;DU Ping(Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Hangzhou 310012,China;Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310007,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,杭州310012 [2]浙江省海洋监测预报中心,杭州310007

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2021年第9期80-87,共8页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900901);国家自然科学基金(41806149);自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放基金资助项目(MEMRT202106).

摘　　要：为探究水交换良好海区的滨海核电厂运行对海洋生态环境的长期影响,文章选取秦山核电站为研究对象,利用1989年和1990年、1995年和1996年、2010年和2012年邻近海域叶绿素a、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物调查资料,以及1985年、2010年和2012年潮间带生物调查资料,对比研究发现,邻近海域营养盐增加明显,夏、秋季水温和沉积物有机碳含量略有升高;浮游植物密度增加明显,小型硅藻(具槽帕拉藻和弓束圆筛藻小型变种)占比呈上升趋势;大中型浮游动物春季丰度和生物量下降;大型底栖动物物种数、生物量和栖息密度均升高,钩虾在优势种中占比增加;潮间带生物密度和生物量上升。分析认为,营养盐浓度升高是藻类密度增加的主要诱因;沉积物有机质增加是底栖生物和潮间带生物增加的主要诱因;温排水潜在影响是促进琼氏圆筛藻等暖水种增殖,增加小型硅藻占比,引起浮游动物个体变小,使大中型浮游动物数量下降。由此可见,即使在水交换条件良好的海域,电厂温排水的长期生态影响也应关注。In order to explore the impact of the long-term operation of the coastal nuclear power plant on the marine ecological environment in the sea area with good water exchange,this paper selected the Qinshan nuclear power plant located at the mouth of the strong tide as the research object,using the investigation data on chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton,zooplankton and macrobenthos during 1989/1990,1995/1996 and 2010/2012,and on the intertidal benthos during 1985and 2010/2012 near the nuclear power station.The comparative study found that,the main changes were:the significant increase in nutrients,the slight increase in water temperature during summer and autumn and annual average organic carbon content in sediments;the significant increase in phytoplankton abundance,and the increase trend in proportion of small diatoms(Paralia sulcataand Coscinodiscus curvatulus var.minor);the sustained decline in abundance and biomass of macro and mesozooplankton in spring;the increase trend in the species number,biomass and abundance of macrobenthos,and the dominance of Gammarus;and the increase in the abundance and biomass of intertidal benthos.The increase in nutrient concentration was the main cause of the increase in algae abundance;the increase in sediment organic carbon was the main cause of the increase in macrobenthos and intertidal benthos.The potential impact of thermal discharge was mainly to promote the proliferation of warm water species,such as Coscinodiscus jonesianus,and the proportion of small diatoms,to causes the individual of zooplankton to become smaller,which reduced the number of macro and mesozooplankton.From the above,the longterm ecological impact of thermal discharge of power plants should be paid attention to,even in the sea area with good water exchange conditions.

关 键 词：秦山核电站 长期变化 浮游生物 底栖动物 潮间带生物 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]