冬小麦“春浇一水”限水灌溉模式对浅层地下水采补平衡的影响--以河北省太行山山前平原为例  

The Effects of Limiting Irrigation Frequency of Winter Wheat to One Time on Shallow Groundwater Balance and Wheat Yield:A Simulation Study on a Piedmont Plain of Taihang Mountain in Hebei Province

作　　者：张雪靓 丁蓓蓓 ZHANG Xueliang;DING Beibei(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Land Engineering Technology Innovation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]自然资源部土地工程技术创新中心,北京100035

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第9期1-10,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807183)。

摘　　要：【目的】在粮食生产与水资源支撑能力高度矛盾的河北省太行山山前平原,定量探讨冬小麦生育期“春浇一水”限水灌溉模式可否实现浅层地下水采补平衡。【方法】应用改进的SWAT模型对灌溉量相异的8种情景进行模拟,并对不同灌溉方案的压采与节水效应进行了定量评估,在此基础上针对浅层地下水位止降回升这一约束条件,以冬小麦减产最小为目标,结合0-1规划,在22个子流域对灌溉方案进行了优选。【结果】①冬小麦“春浇一水”方案能使得研究区的浅层地下水位下降速度平均减缓至0.34 m/a以内,但这将以冬小麦平均减产大约25%~40%为代价。②在空间分布上,位于研究区北部的大清河淀西平原具有相对较好的地下水涵养效果,而南部的子牙河平原内冬小麦产量相对更高。③优化后“春浇一水”模式的具体区划为:在保定地区的大部分县(市)域,主要推荐实施灌溉定额为50 mm的方案;在邢台和邯郸地区,主要推荐实施灌溉定额为40 mm方案;在石家庄地区的西南部,主要推荐实施灌溉定额为30 mm的方案。【结论】在研究区内大约70%的面积上可通过实施“春浇一水”方案实现浅层地下水采补平衡,本文可为这个浅层地下水严重超采的井灌区为压采而实施冬小麦“春浇一水”限水灌溉模式提供定量化的科学支撑和差异化的推荐方案。【Objective】Groundwater-irrigated winter wheat in the piedmont plain of Mountain Taihang in Hebei province faces a conflict between dwindled water resources and increased demand of the wheat for water.Reducing irrigation frequency of the winter wheat to just one time during its growth season is a strategy to balance groundwater conservation and wheat yield.The aim of this paper is to investigate its practicability and feasibility.【Method】We designed eight scenarios with different irrigation amounts,and simulated crop growth and groundwater variations associated with each scenario using a modified SWAT model.Based on the simulated results,a 0-1 linear programming was conducted for 22 subbasins to minimize wheat yield loss under the constraint condition of stopping the decline of shallow groundwater table.【Result】①Under the limited irrigation scheme for winter wheat with once time at the jointing stage,the declining rate of shallow groundwater table in the study area would be restrained to less than 0.34 m/a on average.However,it would reduce average wheat yield by 25%~40%in comparison with the current situation.②Spatially,the Daqing River Dianxi Plain in the northern part of the study area had a more satisfactory groundwater conservation effects;whereas,in the Ziya River Plain,which is located at the southern part,a higher averaged wheat yield performed.③For most areas around Baoding,the optimized irrigation amount was 50 mm,while for areas around Xingtai and Handan,the optimized irrigation amount was 40 mm.In the southwest of Shijiazhuang,the optimized irrigation amount was 30 mm.【Conclusion】The optimized results showed that reducing irrigation frequency of winter wheat to just once at the jointing stage can achieve shallow groundwater equilibrium in approximately 70%of the study area.These results could provide quantitative reference for implementing a workable limited-irrigation scheme in this groundwater-irrigated region where the shallow groundwater has been severely overexploited for mor

关 键 词：限水灌溉 浅层地下水 采补平衡 作物产量 SWAT模型 优化 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S275.5[农业科学—农业工程]