晋北谷子耗水规律和水分高效利用研究  

The Effects of Deficit Irrigation Scheduling on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Millet in the Northern Shanxi Province

作　　者：高晓丽 马娟娟[2] 贾雨蕊[2] 刘恩科 宋璐璐 GAO Xiaoli;MA Juanjuan;JIA Yurui;LIU Enke;SONG Lulu(Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Organic Dry Farming,Institute of Dryland Farming,Taiyuan,030031,China;College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan,030024,China)

机构地区：[1]有机旱作山西省重点实验室,太原030031 [2]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第9期40-47,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：有机旱作山西省重点实验室开放基金项目(201805D111015-3);土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2017002);国家自然科学基金项目(51579168)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明晋北地区谷子的耗水规律和水分高效利用模式,为实现晋北地区农业的节水高产提供指导。【方法】以晋谷-53号谷子为研究对象,在拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期分别设置轻度、中度和重度的水分胁迫处理,拔节期的灌溉下限分别为田间持水率的64.2%(A1)、50.9%(A2)和40.0%(A3),抽穗期的灌溉下限分别为田间持水率的73.6%(B1)、62.3%(B2)和50.9%(B3),灌浆期的灌溉下限分别为田间持水率的68.0%(C1)、57.0%(C2)和45.0%(C3),3个阶段的灌溉上限均为田间持水率的90.0%,研究了不同水分亏缺模式谷子的耗水规律和水分生产效率。【结果】谷子的全生育期耗水量在177.96~454.87 mm之间,各生育阶段耗水量和耗水模数呈现为先增大后减小的规律,依次为拔节期/抽穗期>苗期>灌浆期>成熟期,耗水强度表现为抽穗期>拔节期>灌浆期>成熟期>苗期;水分生产效率较高的灌水处理谷子作物系数在0.65~0.78之间;水分生产效率最高的W4(组合A2B1C2)处理在苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期的作物耗水系数分别为0.27、0.68、2.10、0.51和0.42;谷子各生育阶段的水分敏感指数依次为抽穗期>拔节期>灌浆期;谷子最优灌溉模式是在拔节期和抽穗期分别进行中度和轻度组合的水分胁迫,可将谷子的水分生产效率提高至1.56~1.57 kg/m^(3)。【结论】晋北地区应在拔节期进行适当的补充灌溉,使谷子农田土壤含水率不低于50.9%的田间持水率。【Background】Millet is a drought-resistance crop and widely grown in the northern Shanxi province of China.The scarce rainfall in these areas means that millet cultivation is mainly rain-fed,which hinders millet growth and compromises its yield,especially in dry years.Topping up soil water by irrigation could substantially increase millet yield without adding more pressure on water scarcity.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to investigate how deficit irrigation at different growing stages mediates millet growth and the consequence for its water consumption and water use efficiency.【Method】We used the variety of Jingu-53 as the model plant,and the crop was irrigated at the jointing,heading and filling stages,with mild,moderate and severe deficit irrigation.The low soil water content for resuming irrigation at the jointing stage were set to be 64.2%(A1),50.9%(A2)and 40.0%(A3)of the field capacity;at the heading stage the low limit for irrigation was 73.6%(B1),62.3%(B2)and 50.9%(B3)of the field capacity;the low limit for irrigation at the filling stage was 68.0%(C1),57.0%(C2)and 45.0%(C3)of soil field capacity,respectively.In each irrigation,the irrigation amount was calculated based on that the soil water content reached 90.0%of the field capacity after the irrigation.For each treatment in the experiment,we measured and calculated the water consumption and water productivity of the millet.【Result】①Water consumption during the whole growing season varied between 177.96 and 454.87 mm,depending on the irrigation scheduling.The water consumption and water consumption modulus both increased first followed by a decline as the crop grew;the water consumption at different stages can be ranked in the order of jointing stage-heading stage>seedling stage>filling stage>mature period.The demand of the crop for water was ranked in the order of heading stage>joining stage>filling stage>mature period>seedling stage.②The crop coefficient of the millet varied between 0.65 and 0.78.The combination of A2,B1 an

关 键 词：谷子 水分亏缺 耗水量 作物系数 水分生产效率 水分敏感指数 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]