太行山南麓鱼鳞坑工程对坡面土壤水分空间变异性的影响  

Spatial Variation in Soil Water Content Over Hillslopes Engineered by Fish-scale Pits in Taihang Mountainous Region

作　　者：张志华[1] 郭加伟 桑玉强[1] 王德彩[1] 杨柳 张锦豪 陈楠楠 杨喜田[1] ZHANG Zhihua;GUO Jiawei;SANG Yuqiang;WANG Decai;YANG Liu;ZHANG Jinhao;CHEN Nannan;YANG Xitian(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第9期85-92,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807174);河南省教育厅重点项目(18A220002);河南省科技攻关项目(182102311008)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨鱼鳞坑工程对坡面土壤水分空间变异性的影响。【方法】以太行山南麓实施鱼鳞坑工程坡面为研究对象,以自然坡面为对照,分析鱼鳞坑对坡面土壤水分空间变异的影响。【结果】①太行山南麓坡面土壤水分具有很强的空间相关性,实施鱼鳞坑工程可有效改善该区土壤水分状况,土壤含水率增加了7%~41%,变异程度由中等变异变为弱变异,结构变异占总变异的比例提高了20%~88%。②无论是在降水还是干旱条件下,自然坡面土壤水分从坡上到坡下均呈逐渐减小的带状分布,而鱼鳞坑坡面土壤水分在干旱条件下则呈斑块状分布,离散程度较高。③冗余分析表明,各环境因子解释量从大到小依次为砾石量(22.7%)>砂粒量(2.9%)>粉粒量(2.3%)>体积质量(1.3%)>海拔(1.0%)>砾石覆盖度(0.02%),自然坡地为海拔(25%)>砾石量(13.9%)>粉粒量(8.1%)>体积质量(2.9%)>砂粒量(1.2%)>砾石覆盖度(0.4%)。【结论】鱼鳞坑工程通过改变下垫面结构,弱化地形对土壤水分的影响,砾石引起的变异占总变异的比例增加,同时改善土壤保水性能,减小土壤水分变异系数,增加结构因素所占比例,改变坡面土壤水分分布特征,从而对土壤水分空间异质性产生重要影响。【Objective】Fish-scale pit is a common technology used to engineering earth slopes in arid and semi-arid regions to improve water infiltration and reduce soil erosion.The objective of this paper is to investigate how implementation of this technology reshapes soil water distribution in the slopes.【Method】The experiments were carried out at slopes on the south face of Taihang mountainous region with slope without pits taken as the control.Across each experimental slope,we measured soil water content in the top 0~20 cm soil across the slope at different seasons and analyzed its spatial variation.【Result】①Engineering earth slopes with the fish-scale pits could improve soil water content by 7%~41%depending on seasons and locations in the slope;it also made soil water distribution less spatially heterogeneous and increased the proportion of structural variation in the total variation by 20%~88%.②Under natural conditions,soil water content in non-pitted slopes decreases from the top to the toe,while engineering the slopes with the pits made soil water distribution patchy,especially in drought seasons.③Redundancy analysis revealed that for the engineered slopes,environmental factors that affected spatial variation in soil water content and their associated contribution scores(the numbers in the bracket)were ranked in the order of gravel content(22.7%)>sand content(2.9%)>silt content(2.3%)>altitude(1%)>bulk density(1.3%)>gravel coverage(0.02%),while for the natural slopes the factors were ranked in the order of altitude(25%)>gravel content(13.9%)>silt content(8.1%)>bulk density(2.9%)>sand content(1.2%)>gravel coverage of soil surface(0.4%).【Conclusion】Engineering earth slopes using fish-scale pits can reduce the influence of topography on spatial distribution in soil moisture,with the gravel content affecting spatial variation in soil water content the most.It also reduced spatial variation in soil moisture and increased soil water content.These combine to improve the bioavailability of soil water to

关 键 词：土壤水分 空间异质性 鱼鳞坑工程 地统计学 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]