三种植物生长调节剂对三角梅生长开花的影响  

Effects of Three Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth and Flowering of Bougainvillea

作　　者：谌振[1,2,3] 张东雪 黄素荣 杨光穗[1,3] SHEN Zhen;ZHANG Dongxue;HUANG Surong;YANG Guangsui(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,CATAS/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants/College of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Hainan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Innovation and Utilization of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;Experimental Farm,CATAS,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,海南儋州571737 [2]热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南大学林学院,海南海口570228 [3]海南省热带观赏植物种质创新利用工程技术研究中心,海南儋州571737 [4]中国热带农业科学院试验场,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2021年第9期49-55,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省重大科技项目“热带花卉(三角梅、文心兰)优质高效生产栽培技术研究与示范”(No.ZDKJ 201815);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费:热带花卉高效生产技术研究与应用(No.1630032017024);热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室开放基金“三角梅花期调控技术研究”(No.HAINANU19R02)。

摘　　要：以扦插繁育的三角梅大红为试材,采用盆栽灌根及喷叶的方法,研究6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、甲哌鎓、噻苯隆(TDZ)3种不同植物生长调节剂对三角梅生长与开花的影响。结果表明:900 mg/L的6-BA处理的三角梅42 d后开花,处理85 d后开花率达到100%,且蛋白质含量显著高于对照;600 mg/L的6-BA处理的三角梅66 d后开始开花,亦可使开花率达到100%,并增加开花数,降低落叶数。低浓度(0~500 mg/L)甲哌鎓处理后,可有效促进三角梅开花,增加花朵数,抑制落叶,并缩短叶间距;高浓度(500~1250 mg/L)抑制开花。TDZ处理不会使三角梅提前开花,且浓度高于10 mg/L会使三角梅致死。综合来看,提早开花,提高开花率以600 mg/L的6-BA处理为优,对植株的株高、叶间距、蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量则无显著影响;500 mg/L的甲哌鎓处理使植株紧凑,可有效降低落叶数并具有一定的促花效果,对蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量则无显著影响。Potted cuttings of Bougainvillea spectabilis‘Crimsonlake’were treated with three plant growth regulators,6-Benzylaminopurine(6-BA),Mepiquat Chloride and thidiazuron(TDZ),by drenching and foliage spraying to observe their growth and flowering,with water as control.The result showed that the cuttings treated with 6-BA at 900 mg·L^(-1) started to flower at 42 days after treatment,with the flowering rate being upto 100%at 85 days after treatment,and contained significantly higher leaf protein than the control.The cuttings treated with 6-BA at 600 mg·L^(-1) flowered at 56 days after treatment,with the flowering rate of upto 100%,and the number of flowers increased and the number of fallen leaves decreased.Mepiquat chloride effectively promoted flowering,increased the number of flowers,inhibited defoliation and shortened the leaf spacing at a low concentration(0-500 mg·L^(-1)),and inhibited flowering at a high concentration(500-1250 mg·L^(-1)).TDZ treatment did not lead to early flowering of the cuttings,but to killing of the cuttings at the concentration of higher than 10 mg·L^(-1).In conclusion,the treatment of the cuttings with 6-BA at 600 mg·L-1 is the best for inducing of early flowering with a higher flowering rate,and has no significant effect on plant height,leaf spacing,protein content and chlorophyll content,and that the treatment with Mepiquat chloride at 500 mg·L^(-1) effectively reduces defoliation to make plants grow compact,and has a certain effect on promoting of flowering but no significant effect on leaf protein content and chlorophyll content.

关 键 词：三角梅 植物生长调节剂 生长 开花 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]