河势、技术与塘工决策——清乾隆朝钱塘江杭海段海塘柴改石案考论  

River Regime,Technology and Engineering Decision——Textual Research on Construction of Qiantang River Seawall from Hangzhou to Haining in Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王申 WANG Shen(Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary,Hangzhou 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省水利河口研究院,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《浙江水利水电学院学报》2021年第4期9-14,26,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power

基　　金：国家社科青年基金资助项目(19CZS081)。

摘　　要：清乾隆初年,钱塘江河口北岸开始大规模兴筑结构复杂、坚固耐久且耗资不菲的鱼鳞石塘。然而,杭州章家庵以东至海宁老盐仓段四千余丈柴塘是否改建为石塘,朝廷长期争论不休,直至乾隆四十五年方才决定改建。学界多认为该段柴塘长期未能改建为石塘,是缘于施工技术上的困难。但综合考证当时的自然、经济、政治等多种因素,结合钱塘江河口江道与潮势环境历史变化及其对海塘安危的影响,证明河势、潮势环境才是影响乾隆帝对该段海塘决策的关键,施工困难并非主因。乾隆帝是根据实际防潮需求和工程效益作出的务实塘工决策。At the beginning of Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty,the northern bank of Qiantang River estuary began to build stone seawall with complex structure,large scale,durability and huge cost.However,the wooden seawall from Hangzhou to Haining with the length of more than 13 kilometers was not rebuilt until the forty-fifth year of Qianlong.It is generally believed that the delay of this section in transforming into stone seawall was due to technical difficulties in construction.Based on the comprehensive study of natural,economic,political and other factors at that time,as well as the changes of the estuary and the tidal environment of Qiantang River,it can be found that the river environment was the key for Emperor Qianlong in decision-making on seawall rebuilding in this section,and the technical difficulties were not the main causes.Emperor Qianlong made the decision according to the actual protection needs of the seawall.

关 键 词：清乾隆朝 钱塘江海塘 柴塘 鱼鳞石塘 

分 类 号：K892[历史地理—民俗学]