小麦-鹅观草第一部分同源群染色体渗入系鉴定与基因组归属分析  

Introgression and Characterization of the Homologous Group 1 Chromosomes from Roegneria kamoji into Common Wheat

作　　者：王仪威 冯祎高 刘润然 卢春甜 曹爱忠 张瑞奇 WANG Yiwei;FENG Yigao;LIU Runran;LU Chuntian;CAO Aizhong;ZHANG Ruiqi(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,College of Agronomy,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2021年第5期567-573,共7页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：江苏省农业自主创新项目〔CX(19)1001〕;江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20181316)。

摘　　要：鹅观草(Roegneriakamoji,2n=42,SSHHYY)是小麦异源六倍体野生近缘种,对小麦赤霉病具有良好抗性,是改良小麦赤霉病抗性的重要遗传资源。通过远缘杂交,将鹅观草第一部分同源群染色体上的抗赤霉病基因Fhb6导入普通小麦。由于第一部分同源群染色体包含1S、1H和1Y三条染色体,为研究这些同源染色体对小麦赤霉病抗性的影响,筛选出4个鹅观草第一部分同源群染色体特异分子标记,通过PCR扩增鹅观草属不同野生种的基因组DNA,明确了抗赤霉病Fhb6基因位于鹅观草1Y#1染色体。进一步利用分子细胞遗传学技术从中国春与鹅观草的后代中选育出5份涉及鹅观草1Y#2和1S#2染色体的渗入系材料。其中:21RK‐1为二体异代换系DS1Y#2(1A),21RK‐2为二体异代换系DS1S#2(1D),21RK‐3为二体异附加系DA1S#2,21RK‐4为1S#2和TW·1S#2S的双单体附加系,21RK‐5为纯合TW·1S#2S易位系。这些新种质为小麦抗赤霉病基因的发掘及遗传改良奠定了基础。Roegneria kamoji(2n=42,SSHHYY)is a hexaploid wild relatives of common wheat.Due to high resistance level of Fusarium head blight(FHB),R.kamoji is regarded as a potential germplasm to explore FHB-resistant genes.The FHB resistance gene Fhb6 located on the homoeologous group 1 chromosome of R.kamoji had been introduced into common wheat through hybridization.The homoeologous group 1 chromosomes of R.kamoji included 1S,1H or 1Y chromosome.In order to understand the effect of homoeologous chromosome on resistance of FHB,four STS markers specific to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes of R.kamoji were screened.Subsequently,these markers were used to amplify the DNA samples of the disomic substitution line DS1RK#1(1A)carrying Fhb6 and the other relatives with different genomes.Results indicated that Fhb6 was located on 1Y#1 chromosome.Five new wheat-R.kamoji introgression lines involving 1Y#2 and 1S#2 chromosomes were identified from the backcross progeny of the second hybrid between Chinese Spring and R.kamoji.Of which,21RK-1 was the disomic substitution line DS1Y#2(1A),21RK-2 was the disomic substitution line DS1S#2(1D),21RK-3 was the disomic addition line DA1S#2,21RK-4 was the double monosomic addition line of 1S#2 and TW·1S#2S,and 21RK-5 was the homologous TW·1S#2S translocation line.These new germplasm resources and the specific molecular markers developed in the present study provided the foundation for the genetic improvement of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight.

关 键 词：小麦赤霉病 鹅观草 Fhb6 1Y染色体 1S染色体 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S435.121.45