我国小麦赤霉病成灾原因分析及防控策略探讨  

Epidemiological Analysis and Management Strategies of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

作　　者：李兵[1] 梁晋刚 朱育攀 王御琦 焦浈[1] LI Bing;LIANG Jingang;ZHU Yupan;WANG Yuqi;JIAO Zhen(Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering,School of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Development Center of Science and Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100122,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学农学院,河南省离子束生物工程重点实验室,郑州450001 [2]农业农村部科技发展中心,北京100122

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2021年第5期647-652,共6页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11605159,11704343);江苏省青年科学基金项目(BK20200953);郑州大学学科建设重点专项(32410257)。

摘　　要：小麦是世界上三大粮食作物之一,是全球30亿以上人口的主粮。近年来,由于各种病虫害危害,全球小麦生产和粮食安全受到严重威胁,其中由禾谷镰刀菌引起的小麦赤霉病是小麦生产上重要的病害之一。此外,病菌会产生多种真菌毒素对人畜生命健康构成严重威胁。化学药剂的使用以及抗病品种的种植可以有效地控制小麦赤霉病的发生。但是,由于高产优质抗病品种匮乏、气候变暖等因素影响,小麦赤霉病在我国小麦主产区频繁暴发;同时,赤霉病菌抗药性产生致使化学农药的防控效果大大降低。从气候变化、耕作制度改变、小麦品种抗性及病菌抗药性等方面,分析了赤霉病暴发成灾的主要原因。在此基础上,结合当前赤霉病防控研究进展以及存在的科学问题,探讨该病害持续绿色防控的对策建议,以期为我国小麦赤霉病的防控研究提供参考。Wheat is the most important food crop across the world and it feeds over three billion people.In recent years,Fusarium head blight(FHB)caused by the Fusarium graminearum complex has become a major threat to the wheat production in China and other countries.In addition to yield reduction,mycotoxins producted by the pathogens also pose a serious threat to human and animal health.Chemical pesticides and the disease resistant cultivar could effectively control the FHB.However,due to the lack of resistant wheat variety and the influence of global warming and straw returning to the field,FHB has been prevalent frequently in wheat main producing areas;meanwhile,the development of fungicide resistance in the pathogen reduces the prevention and control effect of chemical pesticides.In this review,we summarized the main reasons for the epidemic of FHB including the changes in climate and farming system.Moreover,we discussed the sustainable management strategies based on the current research progresses and the key scientific questions in this disease,which was expected to provide reference for the research on management of Fusarium head blight of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦赤霉病 成灾原因 防控策略 

分 类 号：S435.121.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]