不同耕作措施对夏玉米生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Managements on Growth and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：蒋飞[1] 李印峰 郝福庭 薛法新 曾苏明[1] 宋春林[1] 吴秋平[1] Jiang Fei;Li Yinfeng;Hao Futing;Xue Faxin;Zeng Suming;Song Chunlin;Wu Qiuping(Jining Academy of Agriculural Sciences/jining Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Com Industry Technology System,Jining 272031,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁市农业科学研究院/国家玉米产业技术体系济宁综合试验站,山东济宁272031

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第9期33-37,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：济宁市现代农业科技创新重点研发计划项目(2018NYNS005);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2017B01);国家现代玉米产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-02)。

摘　　要：本试验设秸秆全层深翻、常规旋耕混拌、免耕(对照)3个不同耕作处理,研究不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对机械化精量直播条件下玉米植株生长和产量的影响。结果表明:与免耕相比,深翻处理开花期叶面积和叶干重均增加,整株干重在开花期和成熟期均明显高于免耕;不同耕作和秸秆处理方式对玉米生长发育进程、株高、穗位高和茎粗影响较小。深翻处理在开花期后能明显增加5~20 cm土层土壤含水量,同时增加不同土层的土壤温度。深翻处理收获期穗长、穗粒数和百粒重均明显高于免耕和常规旋耕,产量分别增加10.6%和4.3%。因此,秸秆全层深翻可作为本区域提升玉米机械化密植精播高产高效绿色关键推广技术。In this study, three treatments including deep tillage, conventional rotary tillage and no tillage(CK) were set to study their effects on plant growth and grain yield of maize under mechanized precision seeding. The results showed that compared with no tillage, deep tillage increased the leaf area and leaf dry weight at flowering stage, and also improved the whole-plant dry weight at flowering and maturity stages. The plant growth and development process, plant height, ear height and stem diameter displayed no differences in the three tillage treatments. Deep tillage treatment significantly increased the water content in 5~20-cm soil layer as well as soil temperature at flowering stage. The length of ear, grain number and 100-grain weight under deep tillage were all higher than those under no tillage and conventional rotary tillage, and the grain yield increased by 10.6% and 4.3%, respectively. Therefore, it was recommended that deep tillage with straw returning could be popularized as the key technology for increasing mechanized precision seeding with high yield and high efficiency in the test region.

关 键 词：玉米 耕作措施 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]