中国页岩气开发理论与技术研究进展  

Research progress in theories and technologies of shale gas development in China

作　　者：朱维耀[1] 陈震 宋智勇[1] 吴建发 李武广[3] 岳明 ZHU Wei-yao;CHEN Zhen;SONG Zhi-yong;WU Jian-fa;LI Wu-guang;YUE Ming(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Shale Gas Research Institute,Petro China Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610051,China;Petro China Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院,成都610051 [3]中国石油西南油气田公司,成都610051

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2021年第10期1397-1412,共16页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2013CB228002);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974013)。

摘　　要：中国的页岩气田属于非常规气藏,采用体积压裂工程技术才可以实现有效开采.不过,页岩储层与一般储层的性质不同,纳米级孔隙大量分布,其孔隙和渗透率十分微小,同时还分布有微裂缝,气体在其中的流动具有解吸、扩散、滑脱和渗流等多种微观机理,并且呈现出基质-微裂缝-人工裂缝的跨尺度多流态流动.常规的油气开发理论与技术并不适用于页岩气藏,因此需要有针对性的研究,并建立页岩气开发的理论与技术,才能实现我国页岩气藏的高效地开发.从页岩气流动的基本规律出发,总结了页岩气流动的多流态-多尺度-多场耦合输运机理和渗流规律,归纳了考虑解吸-扩散-滑移-渗流的多尺度非线性渗流统一方程,给出了多尺度全流态图版.通过页岩气多级压裂水平井多区耦合非线性渗流理论、多场耦合非线性渗流理论,形成页岩气藏流场区域储量动用与开发动态变化规律,针对我国页岩气特点构建了页岩气产量递减模型.基于上述理论提出了开发设计方法,提出了我国储层分级评价及优选目标评价方法,并且建立了适合我国储层的分级评价及优选目标方法与指标,对中国页岩气压裂开发工艺适应性技术进展进行了归纳总结.在此基础上,对未来页岩气高效开发理论的发展方向进行了展望,以期对我国页岩气理论和技术研究提供指导.The shale gas reservoirs in China are unconventional gas reservoirs that have been developed with volumetric fracturing engineering technologies to achieve effective production.However,shale reservoirs differ from conventional reservoirs in that they have widely distributed nanoscale pores,low porosity and permeability,and widely distributed microfractures.Shale reservoirs have various gas flow mechanisms,including desorption,diffusion,slippage,and seepage,which result in a cross-scale and multifluid coexistence flow through matrix microfractures and artificial fractures.Conventional oil and gas development theories and technologies are not directly applicable to shale gas reservoirs.Therefore,to establish shale development theories and technologies and realize the efficient development of shale gas reservoirs in China,targeted research is required.This article summarized the basic laws of shale gas flow,the multifluid,multiscale,and multifield coupled transport mechanism and porous flow laws of shale gas flow,and the multiscale and nonlinear unified flow equation based on desorption,diffusion,slippage,and porous flow.The full multiscale flow pattern was also provided.The multizone and multifield coupling nonlinear porous flow theories for multistage fractured horizontal shale gas wells were established to detect the production range and development dynamics of flow field zone reserves in shale gas reservoirs.A production decline model for shale gas production was developed based on the characteristics of China's shale gas reservoirs.Based on the abovementioned theory,development design methods and classification and optimization target evaluation methods that are suitable for China's shale gas reservoirs have been proposed.The progress of the adaptability technology for China's shale gas fracturing development process was summarized.The future developmental direction of efficient shale gas development theory was forecasted on this basis to provide guidance for shale gas theory and technology research in China.

关 键 词：页岩气 非线性渗流 纳微米流动 多区耦合 渗流理论 

分 类 号：TE122.3[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]