试论工作权  

On the Right to Work

作　　者：胡玉鸿 HU Yu-hong

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海201620 [2]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《求是学刊》2021年第4期103-112,I0002,共11页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(20AZD028)。

摘　　要：工作权既是人们获取生存、生活资料的重要人权,又是保障人们得以参与社会的权利配置。就工作权的具体内容来说,它包括四个基本且相互关联的权能:一是自主就业权,即工作者可以依据个人意愿自行选择就业单位,且入职后单位不得随意辞退;二是公平报酬权,即工作者有权享受公正和合适的报酬,保证使他本人和家属有一个符合人的尊严的生活条件;三是劳动保护权,即工作者必须享有安全与卫生的工作条件,且须保护其休息权以及对特定职工给予特殊保护,同时要为工作权得以实现采取必要的公共服务措施;四是不受歧视权,要将"法律面前人人平等"的原则贯彻于就业领域,不仅要强调形式平等,还要注重实质平等,以此来反对歧视,消灭歧视。The right to work is not only an important human right for people to obtain the means of subsistence and livelihood,but also a right that guarantees people’s participation in society.The right to work consists of four basic and interrelated rights:first,the right to independent employment,which means workers can choose their own employer according to their own will and cannot be dismissed at will after joining the company;second,the right to fair remuneration,which means workers have the right to enjoy fair and appropriate remuneration and to ensure that they and their families have living conditions that are consistent with human dignity;third,the right to labour protection,which means workers must enjoy safe and hygienic working conditions,their right to rest must be protected,as well as special protection for specific workers,and the necessary public services must be taken to enable the right to work to be realized;fourth,the right to non-discrimination,which means that the principle of"equality before the law"must be applied in the field of employment,with emphasis not only on formal equality,but also on substantive equality so as to oppose discrimination and eliminate it.

关 键 词：工作权 自主就业权 公平报酬权 劳动保护权 不受歧视权 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]