减氮配施抑制剂及鸡粪提高尿素氮在稻田土壤中的转化及利用  

Combining N-inhibitor and chicken manure with reduced N fertilizer to improve the conversion and utilization of fertilizer N in a paddy soil

作　　者：于春晓[1,2] 张丽莉 杨立杰[1,3] 武开阔[1] 李文涛 宋玉超 李东坡 武志杰 YU Chun-xiao;ZHANG Li-li;YANG Li-jie;WU Kai-kuo;LI Wen-tao;SONG Yu-chao;LI Dong-po;WU Zhi-jie(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110016,China;Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China;Shenyang Chemical Research Institute Co.,LTD.,Shenyang,Liaoning 110021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [3]沈阳化工研究院有限公司,辽宁沈阳110021

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第9期1581-1591,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971531);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA28090200);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-113);2020年度王宽诚率先人才计划“产研人才扶持项目”。

摘　　要：【目的】探究氮肥减量配施氮肥抑制剂和鸡粪的情况下土壤及肥料氮素供应和利用状况,及其对土壤肥力和水稻产量的影响,为我国东北地区水稻生产中提高氮肥利用效率、实现节肥增效提供理论基础。【方法】采用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,盆栽试验设不施氮肥处理(CK)、常规氮肥(^(15)N示踪尿素)处理(N)、80%尿素氮+20%鸡粪氮处理(NM)、80%尿素氮+抑制剂处理(NI)、80%尿素氮+抑制剂+20%鸡粪氮处理(NIM)。测定不同生长时期来自于土壤及肥料中的铵态氮、微生物量氮含量及植株含氮量,收获时测定水稻产量。【结果】1)NI处理在土壤及肥料来源的铵态氮供应能力方面与N处理相当,抑制剂添加对氮肥减施有一定的补偿作用。在分蘖期和灌浆期,NM处理供氮能力优于无机氮肥处理。NIM处理在铵态氮和硝态氮供应能力方面效果最好。与N处理相比,NIM处理在水稻返青期、分蘖期和灌浆期土壤铵态氮含量分别提高了19.2%、66.3%和36.5%,硝态氮含量分别提高了13.9%、12.7%和17.3%,^(15)NH_(4)^(+)-N含量在分蘖期增加了14.59 mg/kg。2)无机氮肥处理(N、NI)对土壤微生物量碳含量无显著影响,但添加鸡粪处理(NM、NIM)显著提高了返青期和灌浆期土壤微生物量氮含量(P<0.05)。与N处理相比,NIM处理在水稻返青期、分蘖期、灌浆期和成熟期土壤微生物量碳含量分别提高了32.61%、29.23%、53.46%和2.85%,微生物量氮含量分别提高了147.98%、22.97%、133.33%和24.63%,^(15)N-微生物量氮含量在分蘖期增加了约22.56 mg/kg。3)抑制剂及鸡粪添加均提高了水稻产量和生物量,NIM处理的水稻生物量、产量和吸氮量较N处理分别提高了83.59%、124.18%和46.66%(P<0.05),土壤中肥料氮的残留量显著增加了56.48%,肥料氮的损失减少了约78.7%。NIM处理的氮素吸收利用率、氮肥农学效率等显著高于其他处理,抑制剂与鸡粪在提高肥料氮素利用率方面存�【Objectives】The nitrogen supply and utilization of soil and fertilizer-derived N were studied under the condition of reduced urea N input and combined with N-inhibitors and chicken manure,to provide a theoretical basis for rice cultivation in Northeast of China,in terms of improving the nitrogen use and fertilizer efficiencies.【Methods】^(15)N isotope tracer technology was adopted in a rice pot experiment.The five treatments included:no nitrogen fertilizer control(CK),conventional rate of urea(urea-^(15)N),80%urea N+20%chicken manure N(NM),80%urea N+inhibitor(NI),80%urea N+inhibitor+20%chicken manure N(NIM).The contents of ammonia nitrogen and microbial biomass N in soil and urea-derived nitrogen,and nitrogen content of rice plant at different growth stages were analyzed,investigated the rice yield was investigated.【Results】1)NI treatments had considerable soil ammonium N and fertilizer derived N supply ability compared with N treatment,inhibitors had a compensatory effect on nitrogen reduction.NM treatment had markedly higher N supply ability at the tillering and filling stages,compared to N treatment.Compared with N treatment,soil NH_(4)^(+)-N in NIM treatment increased by 19.2%,66.3%,and 36.5%;NO_(3)^(−)-N content increased by 13.9%,12.7%,and 17.3%at returning green,tillering and filling stage,respectively,^(15)NH_(4)^(+)-N content increased by 14.59 mg/kg at tillering stage.2)N and NI treatments had no significant effect on soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content,however,NM and NIM treatments significantly improved soil microbial biomass N(MBN)content at the returning green and filling stage(P<0.05).Compared with N treatment,the MBC content in NIM treatment increased by 32.61%,29.23%,53.46%and 2.85%,and the MBN content increased by 147.98%,22.97%,133.33%and 24.63%at the returning green,tillering,filling and mature stages,respectively,while ^(15)N-MBN increased by 22.56 mg/kg at the tillering stage.3)N-inhibitor with chicken manure addition increased the rice yield and biomass.Compared with N tr

关 键 词：水稻 肥料减施 抑制剂 氮肥利用率 有机肥替代 ^(15)N同位素示踪 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S158