绿肥腐解液中有机酸组成对铝磷和铁磷活化能力的影响  

Effects of organic acid composition in the decomposed liquid of green manure crops on the activation level of AlPO_(4) and FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O

作　　者：顾炽明 李越 李银水[1] 谢立华[1] 沈欣杰[1] 李小勇 秦璐[1] 廖星[1] GU Chi-ming;LI Yue;LI Yin-shui;XIE Li-hua;SHEN Xin-jie;LI Xiao-yong;QIN Lu;LIAO Xing(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第9期1627-1635,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究绿肥还田腐解过程中产生的有机酸阴离子对土壤中难溶性磷素的活化效果,以深化理解绿肥作物提高土壤养分供应能力的机理。【方法】供试6种绿肥作物为紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)、肥田萝卜(Raphanus sativus var.Longipinnatus)、二月兰(Orychophragmus violaceus)、双低甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)、双高甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)和芥菜型油菜(Brassica juncea)。将绿肥植株切碎后,置于离心管中,加入土壤浸提液于室外背光处密闭腐解45天,采用离心法提取植株腐解液。测定腐解液中10种有机酸组分(丙二酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、草酸、乳酸、酒石酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、马来酸和富马酸阴离子)含量。采用室内模拟方法,分别用6种绿肥腐解液溶解难溶性铝磷(Al-P,AlPO_(4))和铁磷(Fe-P,FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O),测定溶液中的无机磷含量。【结果】二月兰腐解液中10种有机酸组分总含量最高,其次为肥田萝卜、双低甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜,双高甘蓝型油菜和紫云英腐解后腐解液中较低。所有绿肥作物腐解液中10种有机酸组分含量大小依次为酒石酸、丙二酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、苹果酸、乙酸、草酸、马来酸和富马酸阴离子。其中酒石酸和丙二酸阴离子占上述10种主要有机酸总量的15%以上,马来酸和富马酸阴离子占比最低,不到总量的1%。不同绿肥腐解液对Al-P和Fe-P的活化能力有显著差异,肥田萝卜对两种难溶性磷素的活化能力最高,理论上1000 kg肥田萝卜绿肥可活化0.6~1.2 kg的Al-P和Fe-P,其次为紫云英和芥菜型油菜,对Al-P和Fe-P的活化量均约为0.6~1.0 kg,而二月兰的活化量最低,约为0.2~0.6 kg。对不同有机酸含量与难溶性磷活化量进行相关性分析发现,Al-P活化量与柠檬酸、苹果酸和草酸阴离子的含量呈现正相关关系,Fe-P的活化量与酒石酸的含量呈现正相关关系。【结论】与Al-P和Fe-P的活化【Objectives】The organic acid composition of decomposed green manures was studied to understand the different effects of green manures on improving soil phosphorus availability.The study aims to provide a reference for selecting suitable green manure crops for an efficient rotational system.【Methods】Six types of green manure crops were selected for the experiment:milkvetch(Astragalus sinicus L.),radish(Raphanus sativus var.Longipinnatus),Orychophragmus violaceus,double-low rapeseed(Brassica napus L.),double-high rapeseed(Brassica napus L.),and mustard(Brassica juncea).The green manure plants were cut and loaded into centrifugal tubes,and 1 mL of soil extract solution was added and isolated before incubation for 45 days under natural shading conditions.The decomposed liquids of the green manure crops were collected by centrifuge to determine the contents of 10 organic acids(propane diacid,malic acid,citric acid,oxalic acid,lactic acid,tartaric acid,acetic acid,succinic acid,maleic acid and fumaric acid).A simulation experiment was conducted by eluting AlPO_(4)(Al-P)and FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O(Fe-P)from the decomposed liquids,the water-soluble P contents in the dilution were then analyzed.【Results】The total organic acid content in the decomposed solution of Orychophragmus violaceus was the highest,followed by radish,double-low rapeseed,mustard,double-high rapeseed,and milkvetch.The descending order of the 10 organic acids by concentration was tartaric acid,propane diacid,citric acid,succinic acid,lactic acid,malic acid,acetic acid,oxalic acid,maleic acid and fumaric acid in all decomposed liquids of the green manure crops.tartaric acid and propane diacid accounted for more than 15%of the total organic acid,while maleic acid and fumaric acid accounted for less than 1%.The decomposed liquid of radish had the highest capacity to activate insoluble P,corresponding to a theriotical activation of 0.6-1.2 kg insoluble P per 1000 kg of radish plant.This was followed by milkvetch(0.6-1.0 kg per 1000 kg)and mustard gree

关 键 词：绿肥作物 铝磷活化 铁磷活化 有机酸 酒石酸 柠檬酸 草酸 琥珀酸 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]