热水解高级厌氧消化系统的污泥消毒、减量与能量回收  

Sludge Disinfection,Reduction and Energy Recovery by Anaerobic Digestion with Thermal Hydrolysis Pretreatment

作　　者：李伟 常菁 王佳伟 郝姗 孙冀垆 LI Wei;CHANG Jing;WANG Jia-wei;HAO Shan;SUN Ji-lu(Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Municipal Sewage Reclamation,R&D Center,Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100124,China;Tonghui River Basin Company,Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100082,China)

机构地区：[1]北京排水集团科技研发中心北京市污水资源化工程技术研究中心,北京100124 [2]北京排水集团通惠河流域公司,北京100082

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2021年第16期19-26,共8页China Water & Wastewater

摘　　要：新冠疫情的暴发让污泥消毒成为热点,消毒属于污泥无害化的范畴,但污泥对环境的危害不仅仅是由其含有的有害微生物引起的。污泥的处理应始终综合考量无害化、减量化、稳定化,并在此基础上探索能源化和资源化。集成各项先进技术的热水解高级厌氧消化系统在北京3年的工程应用取得了良好的污泥处理效果。实践表明,热水解可高效杀灭有害微生物,高级厌氧消化处理产物的卫生学特性达标情况良好,其重金属含量大幅低于标准限值,且向更加稳定的形态转变。热水解的改性作用使消化池的单位处理能力增至常规厌氧消化的3.6倍,节省约68%的消化池建设投资。有机物降解率从40%提高至52%,消化产物的稳定性进一步提高,消化残余固体进一步减少,相当于污泥的减量化率从常规厌氧消化后脱水的28%,提高至高级厌氧消化的66%。有机物转化效率的提高使得沼气产率大幅增加,即使在目前未满负荷的情况下,高级厌氧消化系统回收的能量扣除系统自身的热量和电量消耗后仍具有4089×10^(4) kW·h电量的输出能力。高级厌氧消化处理产物的资源化利用也成功衔接了污泥的处理与处置过程,北京的大规模生产实践为污泥高级厌氧消化打造了成功成熟的工程样板。The disinfection of sewage sludge has become a hot focus due to the outbreak of COVID-19,which belongs to one aspect of sludge harmless treatment.However,the threat of sludge to the environment is not only caused by harmful microbes.It is necessary to explore energy recovery and resource utilization of sludge treatment that is based on harmlessness,volume reduction and stabilization.Various advanced technologies were integrated to build an advanced anaerobic digestion system in Beijing urban area,which has achieved a good sludge treatment effect in the past three years since its construction and operation.Thermal hydrolysis can effectively inactivate harmful microorganisms,the hygienic properties of advanced anaerobic digestion products can meet the standard,and its heavy metals contents are significantly lower than the related standard limit,which have changed to more stable forms.The unit treatment capacity of digester increased to 3.6 times that of conventional anaerobic digestion due to the modification effect of thermal hydrolysis on sludge properties,saving about 68%investment in digester construction.The degradation rate of organics increased from 40%to 52%,indicating that the stability of the digestion products was further improved,the residual solids were further reduced with the volume reduction rate of sludge increased from 28%to 66%.The biogas production rate was greatly increased with the improvement of organic conversion efficiency.Even operated below capacity,the advanced anaerobic digestion system still had the capacity to output 4089×10^(4) kW·h power under the condition that deducting the heat and power consumption of the system itself from the energy recovered.The treatment and disposal process of sludge were successfully connected by the resource utilization of advanced anaerobic digestion products.The large-scale production application in Beijing has created a successful and mature engineering reference for sludge advanced anaerobic digestion.

关 键 词：污泥 热水解 厌氧消化 消毒 减量 能量回收 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]