Over 100 Million Years of Enzyme Evolution Underpinning the Production of Morphine in the Papaveraceae Family of Flowering Plants  

作　　者：Yi Li Thilo Winzer Zhesi He Ian AGraham 

机构地区：[1]Centre for Novel Agricultural Products,Department of Biology,University of York,York YO105YW,UK

出　　处：《Plant Communications》2020年第2期88-103,共16页植物通讯（英文）

基　　金：I.A.G.received support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,United Kingdom(grant BB/K018809/1)and the Gar-field Weston Foundation,United Kingdom.

摘　　要：Phylogenomic analysis of whole genome sequences of five benzylisoquinoline alkaloid(BIA)-producing species from the Ranunculales and Proteales orders of flowering plants revealed the sequence and timing of evolutionary events leading to the diversification of these compounds.(S)-Reticuline is a pivotal intermediate in the synthesis of many BIAs and our analyses revealed parallel evolution between the two orders,which diverged122 million years ago(MYA).Berberine is present in species across the entire Ranunculales,and we found co-evolution of genes essential for production of the protoberberine class.The benzophenanthridine class,which includes the antimicrobial compound sanguinarine,is specific to the Papaveraceae family of Ranunculales,and biosynthetic genes emerged after the split with the Ranunculaceae family110 MYA but before the split of the three Papaveraceae species used in this study at77 MYA.The phthalideisoquinoline noscapine and morphinan class of BIAs are exclusive to the opium poppy lineage.Ks estimation of paralogous pairs indicates that morphine biosynthesis evolved more recently than 18 MYA in the Papaver genus.In the preceding 100 million years gene duplication,neofunctionalization and recruitment of additional enzyme classes,combined with gene clustering,gene fusion,and gene amplification,resulted in emergence of medicinally valuable BIAs including morphine and noscapine.

关 键 词：benzylisoquinoline alkaloids plant genomes gene tree analysis metabolic pathway evolution gene clusters gene fusion 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]