茄科含莨菪烷类生物碱类群药用植物亲缘学初探  

A preliminary pharmacophylogenetic study of Solanaceae medicinal plants containing tropane alkaloids

作　　者：臧二欢 李沁瑜 许谨帆 张艺[3] 蒋林林 李雪[4] 张明旭 刘宇超[1] 吴庆江 刘昭华 李旻辉[1,3,4] 肖培根 ZANG Er-huan;LI Qin-yu;XU Jin-fan;ZHANG Yi;JIANG Lin-lin;LI Xue;ZHANG Ming-xu;LIU Yu-chao;WU Qing-jiang;LIU Zhao-huas;LI Min-hui;XIAO Pei-gen(Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014040,China;Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medkal Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,China;Chengdu No.1 Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]包头医学院,内蒙古包头014040 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [3]成都中医药大学,四川成都611137 [4]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010110 [5]成都第一制药有限公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2021年第17期4344-4359,共16页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81874336);2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金项目(财社[2019]39号);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0190100)。

摘　　要：茄科Solanaceae在我国分布24属105种35变种,茄科部分药用植物含有丰富的莨菪烷类生物碱(tropane alkaloids,TAs),具有显著的药理活性。该文归纳总结了茄科含TAs植物类群的地理分布、化学成分、传统疗效、现代药理活性及TAs生物合成途径等信息,利用网络关系图可视化方式进行了茄科含TAs植物类群药用植物亲缘学的初步探讨。通过分析化学分布规律可以发现,我国茄科24个属中含TAs并有药用记录的有14个属,TAs主要存在于曼陀罗属Datura、山莨菪属Anisodus、颠茄属Atropa、泡囊草属Physochlaina、天仙子属Hyoscyamus中。通过分析地理分布发现,茄科含TAs植物类群在西南地区等高海拔地域分布最为集中,且TAs物质含量与植物分布地区、海拔高度有密切的关系。茄科含TAs植物类群主要具有解痉止痛、平喘止咳等功效,现代药理学研究证明TAs具有中枢镇静、扩瞳、抑制腺体分泌、抗哮喘等作用,这些药理作用为莨菪烷类药物的传统疗效提供了合理的科学解释。该文首次将茄科含TAs类群的地理分布、化学成分、传统疗效和现代药理活性创新性关联分析,在这些数据的基础上初步探讨了茄科含TAs植物类群的亲缘学关系,为指导茄科含TAs类群的基础研究提供科学依据,对进一步寻找TAs的天然药用植物资源有重要意义。The Solanaceae plants distributed in China belong to 105 species and 35 varietas of 24 genera.Some medicinal plants of Solanaceae are rich in tropane alkaloids(TAs),which have significant pharmacological activities.In this paper,the geographical distribution,chemical components,traditional therapeutic effect,pharmacological activities,and biosynthetic pathways of TAs in Solanaceous plants were summarized.Besides,the phylogeny of medicinal plants belonging to Solanaceae was visualized by network diagram.Fourteen genera of Solanaceae plants in China contain TAs and have medical records.TAs mainly exist in Datura,Anisodus,Atropa,Physochlaina,and Hyoscyamus.The TAs-containing species were mainly concentrated in Southwest China,and the content of TAs was closely related to plant distribution area and altitude.The Solanaceae plants containing TAs mainly have antispasmodic,analgesic,antiasthmatic,and antitussive effects.Modern pharmacological studies have proved the central sedative,pupil dilating,glandular secretion-inhibiting,and anti-asthma activities of TAs.These pharmacological activities provide a reasonable explanation for the traditional therapeutic efficacy of tropane drugs.In this paper,the geographical distribution,chemical components,traditional therapeutic effect,and modern pharmacological activities of TAs-containing species in Solanaceae were analyzed for the first time.Based on these data,the genetic relationship of TAs-containing Solanaceae species was preliminarily discussed,which provided a scientific basis for the basic research on TAs-containing solanaceous species and was of great significance for the development of natural medicinal plant resources containing TAs.

关 键 词：莨菪烷类生物碱 茄科 药用植物亲缘学 化学分类学 传统药物学 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]