沐川乌骨黑鸡毛囊与皮肤组织中黑色素合成相关基因表达及遗传变异分析  

Analysis of gene expression and genetic variation related to melanogenesis in feather follicles and skin tissue of Muchuan Black-bone chicken

作　　者：喻世刚[1] 王钢[1] 廖娟[1] YU Shigang;WANG Gang;LIAO Juan(Sichuan Province Higher School Engineering Research Center for Southern Sichuan Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization,Leshan Normal University,Leshan 614000,China)

机构地区：[1]乐山师范学院,川南地方品种鸡产业化四川省高等学校工程研究中心,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第17期125-131,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助项目(2019YJ0304);乐山市科技项目(20NZD005);乐山师范学院科技项目(DGZZ202002)。

摘　　要：为了分析沐川乌骨黑鸡黑白羽毛囊和皮肤中黑色素合成关键基因的表达,探索黑白羽形成和皮肤中黑色素沉积的分子遗传机制,试验采用实时荧光定量PCR法分析了黑白羽毛囊和黑白皮肤中TYR、TYRP1、KIT、KITLG、MC1R、ASIP、OCA2、MITF和PMEL 9个基因的mRNA表达水平,并进行隐性白羽等位基因和乌骨鸡肤色相关遗传变异(SNP c.-2228A>T)基因型验证。结果表明:黑羽毛囊中TYR和PMEL基因mRNA表达水平极显著高于白羽毛囊(P<0.01),MITF基因mRNA表达水平显著高于白羽毛囊(P<0.05);黑皮肤中TYR和MC1R基因mRNA表达水平极显著高于白皮肤(P<0.01),TYRP1、KIT、ASIP、OCA2、MITF和PMEL基因mRNA表达水平显著高于白皮肤(P<0.05)。同时,沐川乌骨黑鸡存在隐性白羽突变,选留TYR基因启动子SNP c.-2228A>T AA基因型个体有助于改良乌骨鸡皮肤乌度。说明乌骨鸡皮肤中黑色素合成的分子调控机制较羽毛中更复杂,分子遗传标记开发是加快选育乌骨鸡皮肤乌度的重要途径。In order to analyze the expression of key genes for melanogenesis in the black or white feather follicles and skin of Muchuan Black-bone chicken, and to explore the molecular genetic mechanism of melanin deposition in the black or white feather formation and skin, the experiment used real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) to analyze the mRNA expression levels of nine genes in TYR,TYRP1,KIT,KITLG,MC1 R,ASIP,OCA2,MITF and PMEL in black or white feather follicles, and black or white skin;and genotype verification of the recessive white feather alleles and Black-bone chicken skin color-related genetic variation(SNP c.-2228 A>T) were carried out. The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of TYR and PMEL genes in black feather follicles were extremely significantly higher than those in white feather(P<0.01);the expression level of MITF gene mRNA was significantly higher than that in white feather(P<0.05);the mRNA expression levels of TYR and MC1 R genes in black skin was extremely significantly higher than those in white skin(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of TYRP1,KIT,ASIP,OCA2,MITF and PMEL genes were significantly higher than those in white skin(P<0.05). At the same time, there was a recessive white feather mutation in Muchuan Black-bone chicken. Selecting individuals with the TYR gene promoter SNP c.-2228 A>T AA genotype could help improve the skin’s blackness of Black-bone chicken. The results suggested that the molecular regulation mechanism of melanogenesis in the skin of Black-bone chicken was more complicated than that in feather. The development of molecular genetic markers was an important way to speed up the breeding of Black-bone chicken blackness.

关 键 词：鸡 羽色 肤色 黑色素 基因表达 

分 类 号：Q344.l5[生物学—遗传学] S831.89[农业科学—畜牧学]