航道噪声对鱼类影响初步分析  

Preliminary analysis on influence of channel noise on fish

作　　者：刘丹 李文杰[2] 杜洪波 万宇[2] 王丽 杨胜发[2] LIU Dan;LI Wenjie;DU Hongbo;WAN Yu;WANG Li;YANG Shengfa(Key Laboratory of Education for Hydraulic and Water Transport Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 40007,China;National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学水利水运工程教育部重点实验室,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心,重庆400074

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第9期58-64,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“多目标协同下长江黄金航道承载力及提升潜力”(2016YFC0402103);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS20281)。

摘　　要：概述了水体中常见噪声的特性和鱼类的听觉特性,总结了国内外噪声对鱼类影响的研究成果,最后分析了人为噪声声波可能对鱼类产生的影响。研究表明:鱼类感知声音的器官包括内耳和侧线等,不同鱼类的听力阈值有所差异。水体中常见的噪声源有水下爆破、航运、打桩、疏浚和钻孔等,它们的声级高于大多数常见鱼类的阈值,且在鱼类敏感频率内有较高能量。在噪声刺激下,鱼类会产生听力损失和短期回避行为,鱼类的捕食行为、鱼群密度及内分泌物也会发生变化。高强度的噪声持续作用可能会对鱼类造成不可逆的伤害。This article outlined the characteristics of common noise in water and the auditory characteristics of fish,then summarized the research results of the effects of noise on fish at home and abroad,and finally analyzed the possible effects of the sound waves of artificial noise on fishes.It is showed that the organs of fishes to perceive sound are the inner ear and lateral line,etc.The hearing threshold of different fish is different.Noise in water is commonly induced by underwater blasting,shipping,piling,dredging,and drilling,etc.Their sound levels are higher than the threshold of most common fishes and have higher energy in fish sensitive frequencies.Under noise stimulation,fish will have hearing loss and short-term avoidance behavior.Fish's predatory behavior,fish density and endocrine secretions will also change.The continuous effect of high-intensity noise may cause irreversible damage to fishes.

关 键 词：航道噪声 鱼类听觉 鱼类行为 生态航道 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]