普陀鹅耳枥星天牛发生规律及防治试验  

Occurrence and Control of Anoplophora chinensis on Carpinus putoensis

作　　者：陈叶平 石磊 陈浩 石杜娟 吴海平 孙圳 俞慈英 赵锦年[3] Chen Ye-ping;Shi Lei;Chen Hao;Shi Du-juan;Wu Hai-ping;Sun Zhen;Yu Ci-ying;Zhao Jin-nian(Zhoushan Academy of Forestry Sciences,Zhoushan 316000,China;Zhoushan Putuo Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Putuo 316100,China;Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,hangzhou 311400,China)

机构地区：[1]舟山市林业科学研究院,浙江舟山316000 [2]舟山市普陀区农业农村局,浙江舟山316100 [3]中国林科院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2021年第5期62-68,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：舟山市科技计划项目“舟山海岛特有珍稀树种虫害的防控关键技术研究”(2015C31024)。

摘　　要：普陀鹅耳枥Carpinus putoensis为国家一级保护野生植物,星天牛Anoplophora chinensis为害严重威胁普陀鹅耳枥的生存。2015—2017年,在浙江舟山对星天牛在普陀鹅耳枥上的发生规律、为害部位进行了调查研究和药剂防治试验。结果表明,在浙江舟山,星天牛在普陀鹅耳枥寄主上以一年发生1代为主,少数为三年发生2代,普陀鹅耳枥星天牛蛹室宽度为0.75~1.00 cm;普陀鹅耳枥星天牛的为平均害率最高为19.11%,为害平均距地高度为0.38 m(0.05~1.50 m),多数集中在距地高0.30 m以下的树干基部和距地高1.05~1.35 m的枝、干分叉处,其为害数分别占调查数的72.00%和17.00%;蛀孔处干、枝的平均直径为2.63 cm,其中直径在1.60~3.50 cm的干、枝占调查数的94%。采用40%乙酰甲胺磷、40%毒死蜱和3%噻虫啉3种药剂对普陀鹅耳枥星天牛不同方法防治试验表明,以树冠喷雾防治成虫效果最好,其中以3%噻虫啉的防治效果最佳,其防治效果达98.72%;40%乙酰甲胺磷、40%毒死蜱针筒注射虫道防治幼虫具有较好的防治效果,树干喷雾防治幼虫效果最差;3%噻虫啉对星天牛幼虫基本无效。多树种混交的营林方式是降低普陀鹅耳枥星天牛发生的有效手段,当普陀鹅耳枥在混交林建群树种的混交配比为1∶5、造林株行距为8 m×8 m以上时,对降低星天牛的发生具有显著效果,星天牛的为害率在4%以下。From 2015 to 2017,observations were conducted on life habit,occurrence and damage of Anoplophora chinensis on Carpinus putoensis in Zhoushan,Zhejiang province.The results showed that C.putoensis has mainly 1 generation a year,few have 2 generations per three years.The oviposition scar has width of 0.75-1.00 cm.The average damage rate of A.chinensis on C.putoensis topped to 19.11%,with average damage height of 0.38 m(0.05-1.50 m),most of oviposition scars were at 0.30 m aboveground and 1.05-1.35 m aboveground,which accounted for 72%and 17%of the total ones.The average diameter of pecky branches and trunks was 2.63 cm.Experiment of 40%of Acephate,40%of Chlorpyrifos and 3%of Thiazophos on control of A.chinensis showed that spraying on crown was the best way to control adult,especially the last pesticide had the best effect of 98.72%.Injection of 40%of Acephate or Chlorpyrifos into trunk had better control effect on larvae.Mixed forest of C.putoensis with row spacing 0f 8 m×8 m had the lowest occurrence of A.chinensis,with damage rate less than 4%.

关 键 词：普陀鹅耳枥 星天牛 发生规律 化学防治 营林方式 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]