通过猪口蹄疫抗体检测浅析当前免疫现状及其影响因素  

A Brief Analysis on Current Immune Status and Influencing Factors of Detection of Foot-and-mouth Disease Antibody in Swine

作　　者：靳玉舒 JIN Yushu(Changzi County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Changzhi 046600,China)

机构地区：[1]长子县动物疫病预防控制中心,山西长治046600

出　　处：《养猪》2021年第5期118-122,共5页Swine Production

摘　　要：为了掌握长子县近3年猪口蹄疫抗体水平的变化特点及其影响因素,尽早排除疫情隐患,及时发现动物防疫工作中的不足,提出有效防控措施,科学疫病防控。现对该县近3年生猪养殖场自主送检和监督采集的猪血液样品采用口蹄疫O型间接血凝抗体检测法和抗体阻断ELISA进行猪口蹄疫抗体检测。结果显示:1)长子县近3年检测养猪户猪口蹄疫抗体共1422场次,血清共7514份。2018年、2019年、2020年抗体合格率分别为81.1%、95.0%、73.6%,3年合格率均高于国家标准,呈现先升高后降低的变化态势;2)2018年检测规模场123场次,合格率91.8%,散养户555场次,合格率78.7%;2019年检测规模场65场次,合格率96.9%,散养户357场次,合格率94.7%;2020年检测规模场120场次,合格率88.3%,散养户202场次,合格率64.9%,3年中规模场的合格率均高于散养户,且规模场中合格率为100%的比例大于散养户;3)2018-2020年进行猪口蹄疫抗体检测的规模场比例明显增大。可以看出,近3年长子县猪口蹄疫抗体水平整体稳定,规模化程度提高,但由于2019年畜牧机构改革、疫情冲击、养殖户口蹄疫免疫意识下降等导致2020年抗体合格率有所下降;且通过调查发现村防员入户率低,免疫技术不过关、未严格实施程序化免疫等,均是造成散养户免疫效果不佳的原因,对此提出扩大“先打后补”实施范围、加强管理与宣传、提高兽医人员专业能力等一系列改进措施。In order to find out the deficiency in animal epidemic prevention in time and eliminate the hidden danger of epidemic situation,this paper analyzed and summarized the variation characteristics and influencing factors of antibody level of foot-and-mouth disease in Zhangzi County of Shanxi Province in recent three years,put forward scientific and effective measures to prevent and control epidemic disease.The antibody of foot-and-mouth disease in swine blood samples,submited autonomously or collected under supervise in Zhangzi County in recent three years,was tested by the O type indirect hemagglutination antibody and the immune antibodies by indirect ELISA.The results showed that:1)In the past three years,Zhangzi County has tested 1422 times to pig farmers,with a total of 7514 serum samples.Among them,In 2018,678 times were 3379 samples,with qualified rate of 81.1%;In 2019,422 times were 1852 samples,with qualified rate of 95.0%;In 2020,322 times were 2283 samples,with qualified rate of 73.6%.The pass rate of three years was higher than the national standard,showing the change trend of rising first and then decreasing;2)the proportion of 100%of free-range households;3)the scale field ratio of foot-and-mouth-disease antibody testing from 2018 to 2020 was significantly increased.It can be seen that in the past three years,the antibody level of antibodies to foot-and-foot epidemic in the eldest son county has been stable and the scale has improved,but due to the reform of animal husbandry institutions in 2019,the impact of the epidemic,and the decline of farmers in 2020;and Through investigation,it was found that the entry rate is low,immunization technology was substandard,not strictly implementing programmed immunization are the reasons for the poor immunization effect of free range farmers.It proposed a series of rectification measures such as expanding the scope of"playing first before filling",strengthening management and publicity,and improving the professional capacity of veterinary personnel.

关 键 词：猪口蹄疫 抗体检测 抗体水平 影响因素 措施 

分 类 号：S858.28[农业科学—临床兽医学]