帝国焦虑与生育控制:威廉·莫里斯小说中的优生叙事  

Anxiety of empire and fertility control: William Morris’s narration of eugenics in his novels

作　　者：朱海峰[1] 杨金才[2] Zhu Haifeng;Yang Jincai

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学外国语学院,吉林长春130024 [2]南京大学外国语学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《外语教学》2021年第5期104-108,共5页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“威廉·莫里斯艺术社会主义思想的文献译介与理论阐释”(项目编号:18ZDA289)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：19世纪70、80年代,大英帝国因经济危机和贫困人口剧增而陷入种族堕落的焦虑之中。当时一些优生学家将造成帝国焦虑的原因归咎于底层阶级、少数族裔和妇女解放运动,利用优生学话语批判妇女解放运动,主张对底层阶级和少数族裔实行生育控制。威廉·莫里斯在作品中反对将贫困的根源归咎于底层阶级和少数族裔的基因缺陷,指出资本主义制度是造成劣生的祸根,展示了他对优生学的反思和对资本主义制度的批判。In the 1870-80 s,the British empire had to confront the anxiety about racial degeneration caused by both economic crises and a rapid increase of impoverished population.Some eugenicists at the time ascribed the anxiety of the empire to lower classes,ethnic minorities,and women’s emancipation movements.In the name of eugenics,they criticized women’s emancipation movements,advocating to check the fertility of both lower classes and ethnic minorities.William Morris,in his works,opposes eugenicists who attributed the increase of the impoverished population to unsuitable hereditary genes of lower classes and ethnic minorities,maintains that capitalism is the root of dysgenic problem,and reveals his reflections on eugenics and criticism against capitalist system.

关 键 词：威廉·莫里斯 帝国焦虑 生育控制 优生叙事 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]